Printed microelectrode array and amperometric sensor for environmental monitoring

Seddon, Brian; Shao, Yang; Girault, Hubert H.

doi:10.1016/0013-4686(94)e0184-p

Cited by 64 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Considerable efforts have been devoted to designing new types of arrays containing micro-/nano-electrodes in both regular and random distributions. 12,[17][18][19] A critical factor in the design/fabrication of regular microdisk arrays is the center-to-center separation, d, between nearest neighbor electrodes. This needs to be large enough to avoid the overlap of adjacent diffusion zones but not too large as to result in inefficient use of space.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the concept of diffusional independence. Potential step transients at nano- and micro-electrode arrays: theory and experiment

Menshykau

Huang

Rees

et al. 2009

Analyst

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Microelectrode arrays find broad application in electroanalysis offering the enhanced sensitivity associated with microelectrodes, but with a high total current output. Such arrays are often constructed to make the electrodes 'diffusionally independent'. To emphasize that this is a time dependent property, a two-dimensional simulation, in conjunction with the diffusional domain approach, is used to model potential step transient currents at microelectrode arrays. Two types of array, hexagonal and cubic, are considered. In both cases the absolute (not relative) microelectrode separation distance has a significant effect on transient current. Three different regimes of transient current versus time can be observed at microelectrode arrays. At short times the transient response of isolated microelectrodes is seen, then at intermediate times the steady-state response of independent electrodes can be observed. At longer times planar diffusion to the entire array takes over. It follows that only at timescales corresponding to the first two regimes can the electrodes be considered as diffusionally independent. To verify the theory the potential step experiment is performed at a regularly spaced hexagonal iridium microdisk array. Theory is found to be in a good agreement with the experimental results.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the concept of diffusional independence. Potential step transients at nano- and micro-electrode arrays: theory and experiment

Menshykau

Huang

Rees

et al. 2009

Analyst

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“…Regular microelectrode arrays can also be produced using thick film technology. This can be achieved if the printed electrode is covered with a coating of a dielectric layer, and exposed to laser photoablation to drill the desired array pattern through the dielectric film [29]. One commercial carbon microelectrode array produced by this method was successfully used for heavy metal detection [30,31].…”

Section: Fabrication Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroanalysis Utilizing Amperometric Microdisk Electrode Arrays

et al. 2007

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This article reviews the literature dealing with electroanalytical applications of ultramicroelectrode arrays over the past twenty years. A brief theoretical description of the mass transport mode governing their behavior is given, after which the main fabrication methods are described. The applications described in the later sections of this review range from conventional electroanalysis, namely trace metal stripping methods, using mercury modified arrays to more recent advances in the field of biosensors (enzymatic, immunosensors and nucleic acid based ones).

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“…MEs can be also wired in parallel with each microelectrode acting diffusionally independent, resulting in a signal which is typically thousands of times larger. This device, called array, can contain several MEs in both regular and random distributions [3][4][5][6][7][8]. The MEs arrays have been proved to be useful in electroanalysis [9].…”

Section: Electrochemical Transducersmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Developments in Electrochemical Sensors Based on Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-Modified Electrodes

Lupu

2011

International Journal of Electrochemistry

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There is a growing demand for continuous, fast, selective, and sensitive monitoring of key analytes and parameters in the control of diseases and health monitoring, foods quality and safety, and quality of the environment. Sensors based on electrochemical transducers represent very promising tools in this context. Conducting polymers (CPs) have drawn considerable interest in recent years because of their potential applications in different fields such as in sensors, electrochemical displays, and in catalysis. Among the organic conducting polymers, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and its derivatives have attracted particular interest due to their high stability and high conductivity. This paper summarizes mainly the recent developments in the use of PEDOTbased composite materials in electrochemical sensors.

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Printed microelectrode array and amperometric sensor for environmental monitoring

Cited by 64 publications

References 28 publications

Investigating the concept of diffusional independence. Potential step transients at nano- and micro-electrode arrays: theory and experiment

Investigating the concept of diffusional independence. Potential step transients at nano- and micro-electrode arrays: theory and experiment

Electroanalysis Utilizing Amperometric Microdisk Electrode Arrays

New Developments in Electrochemical Sensors Based on Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-Modified Electrodes

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