Printed Ridge Gap Waveguide 3-dB Coupler: Analysis and Design Procedure

Ali, Mohamed Mamdouh M.; Shams, Shoukry I.; Sebak, Abdel-Razik

doi:10.1109/access.2017.2784801

Cited by 72 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The even and odd mode analyses of this coupler had been discussed in many articles before [21,[23][24][25]. Some of them are implemented using a traditional technology such as MS line [23][24][25], while others are implemented using PRGW technology, where these couplers have a narrow band of operation [21]. Starting from the rectangular junction shown in Fig.…”

Section: Prgw Hybrid Coupler: Mathematical Formulation For Coupling Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the circuit is lossless, the magnitude of the even and odd mode transmission coefficients will be equal to unity S 21 e = S 21 o = 1. Therefore, these transmission coefficients can be related to the length of the coupling section L as [21,26]…”

Section: Prgw Hybrid Coupler: Mathematical Formulation For Coupling Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The width of the ridge W R = 1.5 mm is selected to be approximately equal to the EBG unit cell dimension to simplify the alignment of the unit cell around the coupling section as well as the PRGW lines. The characteristic impedance of PRGW Z R can be calculated through the strip line approximation [21,26] as…”

Section: Prgw Hybrid Coupler: Design Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the RGW technology is still in its early advancement, only a few investigations are reported in the literature about RGW directional couplers, filter, and antennas [14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Regarding the PRGW couplers, few trials were performed before [21,22]. All these trials were limited in term of bandwidth, while the proposed coupler is designed based on different design concept results on a significant enhancement in the bandwidth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Ultra‐wideband printed ridge gap waveguide hybrid directional coupler for millimetre wave applications

Ali¹,

Shams²,

Sebak³

2019

IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation

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The evolution of a wireless communication system to the fifth generation is accompanied by a huge improvement in the performance of the communication system through providing high data rate with a better coverage area. Hence, 5G technology requires access to millimetre wavebands where more spectra are available for high‐speed applications. This technological progress motivates the research community to develop the essential microwave components, specially couplers, through the use of state of the art guiding structure such as printed ridge gap waveguide (PRGW). In this study, the design of ultra‐wideband 3‐dB planar quadrature hybrid coupler based on PRGW technology is proposed. A systematic design procedure for the proposed coupler is presented and illustrated. The proposed directional coupler is fabricated and measured, where the measured results show good agreement. The presented coupler covers over 26% bandwidth centred at 30 GHz. The presented coupler has a measured wide impedance bandwidth of a 26.5% centred at 30 GHz based on −10 dB threshold. The phase difference between output ports is 90°±°5 over 23% relative bandwidth. On the other hand, the total bandwidth is limited by the amplitude imbalance, which has a bandwidth of 13% for ± 0.75 dB variation.

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Section: Prgw Hybrid Coupler: Mathematical Formulation For Coupling Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prgw Hybrid Coupler: Mathematical Formulation For Coupling Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prgw Hybrid Coupler: Design Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Ultra‐wideband printed ridge gap waveguide hybrid directional coupler for millimetre wave applications

Ali¹,

Shams²,

Sebak³

2019

IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation

Self Cite

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“…groove/ridge gap waveguide [10], [11] to design novel phase shifters that make use of liquid crystal, typically confined between two parallel plates. Figure 1 depicts more clearly a possible design, based on the use of ridge gap waveguide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Approach of Director Tilting in Nematic Liquid Crystals for Electronically Tunable Devices

et al. 2019

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This paper presents an analytical expression that models the tilt angle of directors in a nematic liquid crystal (LC), depending on its elastic properties, its dielectric anisotropy, and the quasi-static electric field applied. The analytical solution obtained is fast and easily computable in comparison with numerical estimations and is of special interest in radiofrequency; for instance, for the LC modeling in full-wave electromagnetic simulators in the design process of electronically tunable devices, such as microwave phase shifters or electronically steerable antennas for satellite communications. Subsequently, a comparison is made between numerical approaches (self-implemented shooting method) and the analytical formulas when varying the parameters of the LC, being demonstrated its usefulness. The average LC director is then obtained and used to form the full permittivity tensor that completely characterizes the electrical properties of the material. Finally, an electromagnetic simulation is carried out to show the capabilities of the LC as a tunable phase shifter. It is shown that only 5 cm of a commercial 200-µm LC mixture is necessary to achieve 360 • of the maximum variable phase shift at the 30-GHz band. INDEX TERMS Liquid crystal, nematic phase, analytical expression, microwave, phase shifting.

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Novel High Efficiency V‐Band Pure TEM D‐PRGW Antenna for 5G mmWave Applications

Khodja,

Atia,

Messaoudene

et al. 2024

Int J Communication

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This paper starts with the proposal of an enhanced version of a planar rectangular slot antenna fed by the quasi‐TEM printed ridge gap waveguide (PRGW), attended with a numerical study of a miniaturization procedure showing the limitations of the conventional PRGW‐based antennas. Then innovative solution is introducing a new miniaturized pure TEM wide‐band slot antenna utilizing double PRGW (D‐PRGW) technology; the proposed approach is self‐packaged and shows high potential for enhancing antenna performance, particularly in terms of bandwidth, gain, and compactness. This technology is featured with low loss, high performance, and compact size; it consists of surrounding the ridge area with a double layer of electromagnetic band gap (EBG) lattice instead of one to eliminate the surface waves effectively and keep the signal completely confined inside the ridge area with strict minimum rows of EBG. Therefore, a broad impedance matching bandwidth (|S11| ≤ −10 dB) of 33.33% is obtained from 50 to 70 GHz, which covers the unlicensed NR parts (n262; amp; n263) of the V band. Furthermore, the antenna achieves a peak gain of approximately 16 at 65 GHz while the overall efficiency remains above 90% across the entire operating frequency band. The high performance along with the compact size of this novel design makes it a good candidate for 5G wireless communications applications centered around 60 GHz.

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Printed Ridge Gap Waveguide 3-dB Coupler: Analysis and Design Procedure

Cited by 72 publications

References 29 publications

Ultra‐wideband printed ridge gap waveguide hybrid directional coupler for millimetre wave applications

Ultra‐wideband printed ridge gap waveguide hybrid directional coupler for millimetre wave applications

Analytical Approach of Director Tilting in Nematic Liquid Crystals for Electronically Tunable Devices

Novel High Efficiency V‐Band Pure TEM D‐PRGW Antenna for 5G mmWave Applications

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