Printer and scanner forensics

Chiang, Pei-Ju; Khanna, Nitin; Mikkilineni, Aravind K.; Segovia, Maria V. Ortiz; Suh, Sungjoo; Allebach, Jan; Chiu, George T.‐C.; Delp, Edward J.

doi:10.1109/msp.2008.931082

Cited by 71 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Banding frequency is another characteristic used to identify the source as a laser printer. Banding, which appears as non-uniform light and dark lines perpendicular to the printing direction [5], is caused by fluctuations in the rotating angular velocity of the organic photo conductor (OPC) drum and by errors in the gear transmission mechanism. Delp et al [6] printed pre-generated gray images and exploited the projection method and Fourier transform to estimate banding frequencies.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differing technical processes and mechanical constructions cause different character morphologies in the document. In the electrophotographic process of laser printing, there are six steps: charging, exposure, developing, transferring, fusing, and cleaning [5]. The optoelectronic devices in a laser printer accurately transfer the image signal corresponding to the document, and the toner image is melted by the fuser and pressed onto the paper.…”

Section: The Printing/copying Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An inkjet printer consists of three principal components: the print head, the carriage, and the paper-advance mechanism [5]. The print head is fixed to the carriage and fires ink onto paper while the carriage moves back and forth in the scan direction.…”

Section: The Printing/copying Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In inkjet printing, tails or satellites trail the ink drop in the scan direction because the drops of ink are fired onto paper when the print head is moving [5]. Due to these periodic tails or satellites, the character contour is rougher than in laser-printed and copied characters, and the value of contour roughness is higher for inkjet-printed characters.…”

Section: Contour Roughnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although document forensics works based on scanned images, the methods are significantly different. Recent research in document forensics has focused on printer identification [2][3][4][5][6][7][8], forgery detection [9][10][11][12], and scanner identification [13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detecting documents forged by printing and copying

Shang

Memon

Kong

2014

EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process.

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This paper describes a method to distinguish documents produced by laser printers, inkjet printers, and electrostatic copiers, three commonly used document creation devices. The proposed approach can distinguish between documents produced by these sources based on features extracted from the characters in the documents. Hence, it can also be used to detect tampered documents produced by a mixture of these sources. We analyze the characteristics associated with laser/inkjet printers and electrostatic copiers and determine the signatures created by the different physical and technical processes involved in each type of printing. Based on the analysis of these signatures, we computed the features of noise energy, contour roughness, and average gradient. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to distinguish documents produced by laser printer, inkjet printer, and copier based on features extracted from individual characters in the documents. Experimental results show that this method has an average accuracy of 90% and works with JPEG compression.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Printing/copying Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Printing/copying Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Contour Roughnessmentioning

confidence: 99%