Prior Exercise Increases Dietary Oleate, but Not Palmitate Oxidation

Votruba, Susanne B.; Atkinson, Richard L.; Schoeller, Dale A.

doi:10.1038/oby.2003.202

Cited by 31 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Of note, however, when all time-points of dose recovery were incorporated into the statistical analysis, there was a significant increase in dose recovery of dietary oleate and palmitate with exercise compared with sedentary conditions. That statistical difference was due to increases in dose recovery in the morning and evening postexercise periods, which is in agreement with previous reports (35). In the hours following the time when the exercise treatment was performed, dose recovery increased more for sedentary conditions, and the dose recovery "catches up" with that of the exercise conditions leading to the same 24-h dose recovery for both exercise and sedentary conditions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…The ratio of unsaturated fats to saturated fats in the diet has been shown to influence energy substrate utilization in humans (14). Furthermore, acute exercise has been shown to increase dietary oleate oxidation but not palmitate oxidation (35). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a high saturated (primarily palmitic acid) vs. high mono-unsaturated (primarily oleic acid) fat diet on how quickly the body can adapt to a HF diet by increasing fat oxidation (and decreasing NPRER) during both exercise and sedentary conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Influence of dietary fatty acid composition and exercise on changes in fat oxidation from a high-fat diet

Cooper

Watras²,

Shriver³

et al. 2010

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Cooper JA, Watras AC, Shriver T, Adams AK, Schoeller DA. Influence of dietary fatty acid composition and exercise on changes in fat oxidation from a high-fat diet. J Appl Physiol 109: 1011-1018, 2010. First published July 22, 2010; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01025.2009.-Acute high-fat (HF) diets can lead to short-term positive fat balances until the body increases fat oxidation to match intake. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a HF diet, rich in either monounsaturated or saturated fatty acids (FAs) and exercise, on the rate at which the body adapts to a HF diet. 13 C-labeled oleate and 2 H-labeled palmitate were also given to determine the contribution of exogenous vs. global fat oxidation. Eight healthy men (age of 18 -45 yr; body mass index of 22 Ϯ 3 kg/m 2 ) were randomized in a 2 ϫ 2 crossover design. The four treatments were a high saturated fat diet with exercise (SE) or sedentary (SS) conditions and a high monounsaturated fat diet with exercise (UE) or sedentary (US) conditions. Subjects stayed for 5 days in a metabolic chamber. All meals were provided. On day 1, 30% of energy intake was from fat, whereas days 2-5 had 50% of energy as fat. Subjects exercised on a stationary cycle at 45% of maximal oxygen uptake for 2 h each day. Respiratory gases and urinary nitrogen were collected to calculate fat oxidation. Change from day 1 to day 5 showed both exercise treatments increased fat oxidation (SE: 76 Ϯ 30 g, P ϭ 0.001; UE: 118 Ϯ 31 g, P Ͻ 0.001), whereas neither sedentary condition changed fat oxidation (SS: Ϫ10 Ϯ 33 g, P ϭ not significant; US: 41 Ϯ 14 g, P ϭ 0.07). No differences for dietary FA composition were found. Exercise led to a faster adaptation to a HF diet by increasing fat oxidation and achieving fat balance by day 5. Dietary FA composition did not differentially affect 24-h fat oxidation. saturated fat; mono-unsaturated fat; nonprotein respiratory exchange ratio; stable isotopes THE PREVALENCE OF OBESITY continues to be a leading public health concern in the United States with approximately twothirds of the adult population being classified as overweight or obese (18). The development of obesity is by definition an accumulation of excess body fat due to positive energy balance. This is generally assumed to be caused by periods of positive energy balance resulting in the storage of fat but can also occur from short periods of positive fat balance even under eucaloric feeding conditions if, as hypothesized by Flatt, the weak human leptin system is overpowered by the stronger carbohydrate balance system leading to positive energy balance during the days following the period of positive fat balance (5). We and others have studied conditions that lead to a short-term positive fat balance and have shown that a shift to a high-fat (HF) diet from an average fat diet is not accompanied by an immediate increase in fat oxidation that would match the rate of fat intake even when the diets are eucaloric (6,27,28). The rate of fat oxidation increases only slowly with time, and thus it ca...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of dietary fatty acid composition and exercise on changes in fat oxidation from a high-fat diet

Cooper

Watras²,

Shriver³

et al. 2010

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…Enhanced fat oxidation from activity diminishes fat available for storage into body depots, 30,31 and especially VPA increases oxidation of certain fats. 32 Our data showed no relation of MPA with %BF; perhaps the amount of MPA was insufficient to affect %BF. Of the sedentary behaviours examined, only TV/MOVIE positively predicted part of the variance in %BF.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

General and visceral adiposity in black and white adolescents and their relation with reported physical activity and diet

et al. 2007

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Background: Excess body fat accumulation may begin in youth and is linked with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Examination of physical activity (PA) and diet behaviours predictive of adiposity may help target efforts to reduce chronic disease risk. Objective: We hypothesized that energy intake (EI) from fat, vigorous PA (VPA), and their interaction would predict body fat percentage (%BF) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in youth and that sedentary behaviours and intake of dairy, fruit, vegetable and whole grain foods would be related to adiposity. Design: A cross-sectional, observational study of reported PA and diet behaviours and objective adiposity measures. Subjects: Six-hundred sixty-one healthy black and white adolescents aged 14-18 years. Measurements: Diet by 24-h recalls using Nutrition Data Systems for Research (Minneapolis, MN, USA), VPA by previous day physical activity recalls (PAR), and %BF with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. VAT by magnetic resonance imaging for 434 subjects. Results: Reported EI and VPA were positively correlated with each other and were negative predictors of %BF. Time spent watching television or movies and %EI from protein were positive predictors of %BF. Adjusted for EI, none of the independent variables predictive of %BF retained their significance. %BF and VAT were highly correlated (r ¼ 0.73, Po0.0001). EI was the sole and negative predictor of VAT. Conclusions: Higher energy 'throughput', not energy restriction, characterize leaner youths. Youths should be advised to engage in VPA so that they can eat sufficient calories to obtain the nutrients required for optimal health while remaining lean.

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“…Recently, Toth and Tchernof 4 have suggested that alterations in the partitioning of fat towards oxidation may play a significant role in the age-related increases in adiposity, and we have recently provided evidence that exercise, compared to rest, alters the partitioning of dietary fat towards oxidation rather than storage. 5,6 This ability to alter the partitioning of dietary fatty acids towards oxidation is possibly one of the beneficial effects of exercise, and may play a role in the protective effects of exercise against obesity and/or weight gain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustained increase in dietary oleic acid oxidation following morning exercise

Votruba

Atkinson²,

Schoeller

2004

Int J Obes

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OBJECTIVE:We have previously reported that prior exercise increases the oxidation of dietary monounsaturated fat in comparison to rest when the fat is given in a mixed meal 30 min following the completion of exercise. In this study, we determined whether the increase in dietary fat oxidation after exercise persisted when the time between exercise and fatty acid administration was lengthened. DESIGN: Six female subjects (age ¼ 2470.1 y, BMI ¼ 2171 kg/m 2 ) were recruited for a total of six visits each. During three visits, a stationary cycle exercise session (1250 kJ) was performed at 65% VO 2 peak in a whole-body calorimeter; while during three other visits, exercise was replaced with rest. Subjects received [1-13 C]oleate and [d 31 ]palmitate with a different meal at each visit: breakfast, lunch, and dinner. RESULTS: Dietary oleate oxidation following prior rest did not differ between dose times and was 3673, 4275, and 4273% for the 13 h following breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Prior exercise resulted in greater oleate oxidation following all dose times than prior rest (Po0.01) being 5274, 6473, and 5373% for the breakfast, lunch, and dinner dose. The oxidation was significantly greater following lunch than the other dose times (Po0.05). Prior exercise (1250 kJ) did not result in greater oxidation of palmitate; however, oxidation following prior exercise increased with later dose times (1372, 2372, and 2373% for breakfast, lunch, and dinner; Po0.05) and following rest (1872, 2272, and 2772% for breakfast, lunch, and dinner; Po0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The increase in oleate oxidation when administered after early morning exercise was found to persist for all three meals of the day, with the greatest effect occurring for the lunch meal. Palmitate oxidation, while apparently resistant to the effects of 1250 kJ of prior exercise, increases when administered later in the day, suggesting a diurnal variation in the oxidation of dietary fatty acids. These results demonstrate that prior exercise selectively alters the partitioning of dietary fatty acids. Furthermore, these findings demonstrate additional benefits of substituting monounsaturated for saturated fatty acids in the diet.

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Prior Exercise Increases Dietary Oleate, but Not Palmitate Oxidation

Cited by 31 publications

References 38 publications

Influence of dietary fatty acid composition and exercise on changes in fat oxidation from a high-fat diet

Influence of dietary fatty acid composition and exercise on changes in fat oxidation from a high-fat diet

General and visceral adiposity in black and white adolescents and their relation with reported physical activity and diet

Sustained increase in dietary oleic acid oxidation following morning exercise

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