Prior punishments and cumulative disadvantage: How supervision status impacts prison sentences^*

Abstract

issuetoc.We extend our appreciation to Co-Editor Jody Miller and four anonymous reviewers for their input and guidance. Anh P.

The Collateral Cost of Juvenile Adjudications in Adult Sentencing Guideline Recommendations: The Contribution of Policy to Cumulative Disadvantage

“…Similarly, our estimates of the cost of a juvenile record are simply that—estimates. We believe our counterfactual approach to estimating this cost is methodologically robust and such approaches have been used in prior sentencing research (Hickert et al 2022; Piehl and Bushway 2007). However, we cannot say that these estimates, especially under alternative policy structures, might not vary from actual sentencing.…”

“…In the abstract, the cost of a juvenile record is the difference between the sentence under experienced sentencing policies and the sentence the individual would have received had the judge and recommended sentencing range not taken into consideration the individual's juvenile adjudications. 11 Following Piehl and Bushway (2007) and Hickert et al (2022), we use a three-step approach to estimating this counterfactual. First, we estimate a probit model with county-level random effects to generate the predicted probability of incarceration for all individuals taking into account known predictors including race-sex dyad (White male, White female, Black male, Black female), age at the time of sentence (in years), disposition (trial, plea), offense type (lesser homicide offense, other person offense, property, drugs, driving under the influence [DUI], and other), whether there were multiple offenses of conviction (yes, no), whether the offense had a mandatory minimum (yes, no), whether the sentence was conforming to the guidelines (above standard range; within standard range; below standard range), and the guidelines recommended minimum incarceration sentence (logged, in months).…”

“…1. There are some exceptions to this trend, including recent work by Hickert et al (2022), Piehl and Bushway (2007), and Piehl (2001, 2011).…”

From Supervision to Opportunity: Reimagining Probation and Parole

“…Meanwhile, people on parole also face more severe punishment if convicted of a new crime. They are more likely to be sentenced to prison, owing both to formal sentencing guidelines and to the discretion of judges and prosecutors (Hickert et al 2021).…”

“…Meanwhile, people on parole also face more severe punishment if convicted of a new crime. they are more likely to be sentenced to prison, owing both to formal sentencing guidelines and to the discretion of judges and prosecutors (Hickert et al 2021). the criminal justice system also traps people on prolonged periods of parole and probation by imposing fines as punishment and fees for supervision (Harris 2016).…”