Prior short-term consumption of resistant starch enhances postprandial insulin sensitivity in healthy subjects

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis. Diets rich in insoluble-fibre are linked to a reduced risk of both diabetes and cardiovascular disease; however, the mechanism of action remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess whether acute changes in the insoluble-fibre (resistant starch) content of the diet would have effects on postprandial carbohydrate and lipid handling. Methods. Ten healthy subjects consumed two identical, low-residue diets on separate occasions for 24 h (33% fat; <2 g dietary fibre). Of the diets one was supplemented with 60 g resistant starch (Novelose 260). On the following morning a fibre-free meal tolerance test (MTT) was carried out (59 g carbohydrate; 21 g fat; 2.1 kJ) and postprandial insulin sensitivity (SI ORAL ) assessed using a minimal model approach. Results. Prior resistant starch consumption led to lower postprandial plasma glucose (p=0.037) and insulin (p=0.038) with a higher insulin sensitivity (44±7.5 vs 26±3.5×10 −4 dl kg −1 min −1 per µUml −1 ; p=0.028) and C-peptide-to-insulin molar ratio (18.7±6.5 vs 9.7±0.69; p=0.017). There was no effect of resistant starch consumption on plasma triacylglycerol although non-esterified fatty acid and 3-hydroxybutyrate levels were suppressed 5 h after the meal tolerance test. Conclusion. Prior acute consumption of a high-dose of resistant starch enhanced carbohydrate handling in the postprandial period the following day potentially due to the increased rate of colonic fermentation. [Diabetologia (2003) 46:659-665]

Effects of long-term soluble vs. insoluble dietary fiber intake on high-fat diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6J mice

“…However, both highly fermentable insoluble resistant starch [7,27] and only moderately fermentable insoluble cereal fiber [8,14] increased insulin sensitivity in humans, indicating that a dose-dependent relation between fermentability of dietary fibers and insulin sensitivity is unlikely [3]. Further, available studies indicate that SCFA could contribute to increased de novo lipogenesis [24], probably by stimulating adipogenesis through Gpr43 [18], although in the present study Gpr43 expression was not significantly increased in fermentable fiber fed mice.…”

Impact of cereal fibre on glucose-regulating factors

“…Enhanced carbohydrate handling on the second day after consumption of RS has recently been shown [45]. The authors attributed the observed effects to increased colonic fermentation with higher short-chain fatty acid concentrations in the portal vein, and thereby improved glucose metabolism, e.g.…”

Role of Fructans and Resistant Starch in Diabetes Care

“…The consumption of 60 g of RS from HAM-RS2 in 10 healthy participants resulted in significantly lower postprandial glycemia and insulin levels with improved insulin sensitivity on the following day. 34 Robertson et al 35 also found significant improvements in insulin sensitivity but not glycemia in 10 healthy individuals who consumed 30 g/day of RS from HAM-RS2 for 4 weeks. Another study 36 found that, although postprandial glucose concentrations in 20 healthy participants who consumed 48 g of RS from HAM-RS2 did not differ from those of control subjects, the individuals consuming the HAM-RS2 had lower energy intakes at dinner after the two test meals and throughout 24 hours.…”