Priorities and Disadvantages of City Block Development

Abstract

The study aims to find ways to improve the efficiency of urban areas by introducing the planning structure of urban residential areas – the block type of development, taking into account the basic principles of its formation. The authors carry out an analysis of scientific and theoretical materials on etymology and historical experience of the formation of city block buildings in the context of typology of buildings according to planning and spatial characteristics with examples of the planning organisation of the cities of New York, Mexico City, Los Angeles, and Barcelona. We consider the formation of residential blocks through simple geometric shapes, such as a rectangle or a square, and concluded that using such shapes emphasises the uniformity of planning. The main principles and factors of developing city blocks are defined to identify the priorities and shortcomings of this type of building. We establish that city block development contributes to comfortable public spaces and strengthens social ties between residents. The study proves the advantages of transport accessibility in block development by placing essential infrastructure facilities within walking and cycling distance. The presence of closed yards, safety, and the absence of traffic jams form a high level of amenity and social connections; these principles contribute to creating an efficient, functional, and aesthetic urban area. City block development is a promising approach for the development of modern cities, providing residents with comfort and a quality standard of urban life. The article also analyses the main disadvantages of using block buildings, one of which is an increase in the density of buildings, which affects the distribution of sunlight and the shading of space. Despite its shortcomings, city block development remains attractive for developing high-quality and sustainable urban environments. The proposal to use city block development in the post-war reconstruction of residential areas and the use of underground space for shelter is relevant and promising for sustainable urban development in Ukraine. Keywords: city block development, residential environment, residential complex, planning methods, planning structure.