Prioritizing a high posterior probability threshold leading to low error rate over high classification accuracy: the validity of MorphoPASSE software for cranial morphological sex estimation in a contemporary population

Pilmann Kotěrová, Anežka; Santos, Frédéric; Bejdová, Šárka; Rmoutilová, Rebeka; Attia, MennattAllah Hassan; Habiba, Ahmed; Velemínská, Jana; Brůžek, Jaroslav

doi:10.1007/s00414-024-03215-1

Cited by 2 publications

References 56 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

Application of DSP2 for biological sex estimation in a Spanish sample: analysis based on sex and side

San-Millán,

Warrier,

Carrera

et al. 2024

Int J Legal Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Applying existing sexing methodologies to different populations, and reporting these findings is important to enhance their applicability and accuracy in real cases across the world. DSP was published in 2005 (Murail et al., 2005) and updated as a DSP2 in 2017 (Brůžek et al., 2017) based on a database of 10 pelvic measurements from 2040 individuals worldwide. These tools have been applied subsequently to various populations, however, its applicability to a dry Spanish population is lacking. 303 hipbones belonging to 157 individuals from the School of Legal Medicine from the University Complutense of Madrid (Spain), of which 140 individuals were documented, were analyzed to investigate the reliability, applicability and accuracy of the DSP2 sex estimation methodology, examining side and sex-based potential differences for the first time. In most of the DSP variables, intra-rater reliability showed excellent results and % applicability was higher than 85.0%. Overall % accuracy was higher than 94.0% regardless of the number or discriminant power of the utilized DSP variables. However, % sexing decreased when less variables or less discriminant ones were used for estimations, reaching 45.51% (left) and 43.31% (right). Regarding sexual dimorphism, females’ results of % applicability, % sexing and % accuracy were higher compared to males. In addition, left os coxae achieved better outcomes (aforementioned percentages) in most of the cases in the sex-pooled sample. Decreasing the mandatory posterior probability by 10% yielded an increase in the % sexing but reduced % accuracy, and thus, does not seem to enhance the approach’s performance. The present study validates the applicability and reliability of DSP for sexing a Spanish population. Future investigations will attempt to assess its applicability within virtual anthropology.

show abstract

Application of DSP2 for biological sex estimation in a Spanish sample: analysis based on sex and side

San-Millán,

Warrier,

Carrera

et al. 2024

Int J Legal Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Sudden shifts in expression after small-scale duplication in vertebrates and strong support for the ortholog conjecture

Begum,

Duchen,

Bucao

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gene duplication is a potential source of innovation, but the evolutionary dynamics of functional change are still poorly understood. The “ortholog conjecture” posits that such innovation or other functional change is more common after duplication than in its absence, but is still debated. We have applied a Lévy model of evolutionary trait jumps to two phenotypes of gene function: average gene expression levels, and tissue specificity. Such instantaneous jumps in trait values typically occur during the transition of organisms into new adaptive zones, and thus provide insights into the role of duplication in adaptation. Using time-calibrated phylogenies of 15 vertebrates, including 5 teleost fishes, we show for the first time that such a mechanism of trait divergence strongly affects paralogs, in addition to other modes of functional evolution. We find that at least 25% of teleost fish small-scale duplicates follow a rapid evolutionary rate shift model for both traits, much more than after speciations. We show that such trait jumps play a major role in the evolution of duplicates. While there is some evidence for more positive selection at the protein-coding level after duplication, this does not appear strongly linked to the presence of jumps in expression. This helps to explain higher phylogenetic independent contrasts between paralogs, supporting the ortholog conjecture. However, genome-wide duplicates (ohnologs) do not support such a trait jump model, and thus follow a different evolutionary dynamic, while also supporting the ortholog conjecture.

show abstract

Prioritizing a high posterior probability threshold leading to low error rate over high classification accuracy: the validity of MorphoPASSE software for cranial morphological sex estimation in a contemporary population

Cited by 2 publications

References 56 publications

Application of DSP2 for biological sex estimation in a Spanish sample: analysis based on sex and side

Application of DSP2 for biological sex estimation in a Spanish sample: analysis based on sex and side

Sudden shifts in expression after small-scale duplication in vertebrates and strong support for the ortholog conjecture

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About