Priority of Lophophacidium over Canavirgella: taxonomic status of Lophophacidium dooksii and Canavirgella banfieldii, causal agents of a white pine needle disease

Laflamme, G.; Broders, Kirk; Côté, Chantal; Munck, Isabel A.; Iriarte, Gloria; Innes, Louise

doi:10.3852/14-096

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Their findings indicated that Lecanosticta acicola (previously known as Mycosphaerella dearnessii ) (Quaedvlieg et al ., ), the cause of brown spot needle blight, was the primary pathogen contributing to needle defoliation. Two needle cast fungi Lophophacidium dooksii (previously known as Canavirgella banfieldii (Laflamme et al ., ) and Bifusella linearis (Minter & Millar, ), and a putative new species of Septorioides , described as Septorioides strobi (Wyka & Broders, ) were also associated with defoliation events of P. strobus throughout the northeastern United States (Broders et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of white pine needle damage in the northeastern United States is associated with changes in pathogen pressure in response to climate change

Wyka

Smith

Munck

et al. 2016

Global Change Biology

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The defoliation of the eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) across the northeastern United States is an escalating concern threatening the ecological health of northern forests and economic vitality of the region's lumber industry. First documented in the spring of 2010 affecting 24 328 hectares in the state of Maine, white pine needle damage (WPND) has continued to spread and is now well established in all New England states. While causal agents of WPND are known, current research is lacking in both sampling distribution and the specific environmental factor(s) that affect the development and spread of this disease complex. This study aims to construct a more detailed distribution map of the four primary causal agents within the region, as well as utilize long-term WPND monitoring plots and data collected from land-based weather stations to develop a climatic model to predict the severity of defoliation events in the proceeding year. Sampling results showed a greater distribution of WPND than previously reported. WPND was generally found in forest stands that compromised >50% eastern white pine by basal area. No single species, nor a specific combination of species had a dominating presence in particular states or regions, thus supporting the disease complex theory that WPND is neither caused by an individual species nor by a specific combination of species. In addition, regional weather data confirmed the trend of increasing temperature and precipitation observed in this region with the previous year's May, June, and July rainfall being the best predictor of defoliation events in the following year. Climatic models were developed to aid land managers in predicting disease severity and accordingly adjust their management decisions. Our results clearly demonstrate the role changing climate patterns have on the health of eastern white pine in the northeastern United States.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of white pine needle damage in the northeastern United States is associated with changes in pathogen pressure in response to climate change

Wyka

Smith

Munck

et al. 2016

Global Change Biology

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“…Lophophacidium dooksii is an obligate pathogen of Pinus strobus, placed in Lophophacidium despite morphological differences such as a melanised pseudoparenchymatous stroma continuous along the length of the ascoma versus the discontinuous, two-layered covering stroma of L. hyperboreum (Corlett and Shoemaker 1984). Excluding the amyloid ascus apex, the ascoma and asexual state (=Canavirgella banfieldii) morphology of L. dooksii are evocative of the Rhytismataceae, a relationship supported by a recent ITS phylogenetic analysis (Laflamme et al 2015). DNA sequences of L. hyperboreum are currently unavailable, but should be generated from new collections to determine its phylogenetic placement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phacidiaceae endophytes ofPicea rubensin Eastern Canada

Tanney

Seifert

2018

Botany

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More than 100 fungal endophyte strains belonging to the family Phacidiaceae were isolated from surface-sterilized Picea rubens Sarg. needles collected from the Acadian Forest Region in New Brunswick, Canada. The strains were characterized morphologically by their asexual states, and phylogenetic analyses were conducted using the nuclear internal transcribed spacer rDNA (ITS) marker and the second largest subunit of ribosomal polymerase II (RPB2). Morphological and phylogenetic data revealed seven species: Darkera cf. parca; Strasseria geniculata; two novel Phacidium species: Phacidium dicosmoanum and Phacidium faciforme; and three novel monotypic genera described to accommodate distinct species: Calvophomopsis rubenticola, Cornibusella ungulata, and Gloeopycnis protuberans. Further analyses of Darkera spp. were performed with ITS and partial translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1α), and the results suggest that D. parca is a species complex. Phacidiaceae includes hundreds of known species that are unrepresented by sequence data; therefore, ITS sequences were generated from herbarium material including type specimens of Darkera parca, Phacidium lunatum, and specimens of Allantophomopsiella, Allantophomopsis, Bulgaria, Phacidium, and Pseudophacidium species. The description of novel species combined with morphological observations and reference sequences will facilitate the identification of conifer endophytes, both from specimens or cultures and in environmental sequence data, and improve our understanding of this large and mostly neglected family.

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“…These two fungi can be distinguished by the shape of their hyaline ascospores. Bifusella linearis ascospores are constricted in the middle [17], whereas L. dooksi ascospores are oval [6,7]. Lecanosticta acicola produces acervular, erumpent, brown conidiomata ( Figure 2C) and solitary, brown conidia that are straight to curved, and subcylindrical [18][19][20].…”

Section: Morphologic Diversity Of Fungi Associated With Wpndmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Needles of both mature trees and regeneration were damaged. Preliminary diagnosis of this foliar damage has been attributed to frost and two foliar diseases, brown spot needle blight caused by the fungus Lecanosticta acicola (formerly known as Mycosphaerella dearnessii) [5] and Canavirgella needle cast caused by C. banfieldii, recently determined to be the same species as Lophophacidium dooksii [6] and herein referred to as L. dooksii as that name has precedence. Diagnosing the damage agent is difficult because both fungi cause similar symptoms, although they can be differentiated by their sexual and asexual fruiting bodies produced at different times in the growing season.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Fungal Pathogens Associated with White Pine Needle Damage (WPND) in Northeastern North America

Broders

Munck

Wyka

et al. 2015

Forests

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Abstract:Eastern white pine is a crucial ecological and economic component of forests in the northern USA and eastern Canada, and is now facing an emerging problem in white pine needle damage (WPND). It is still unclear whether WPND results from one, or the combination of several fungal pathogens. Therefore, the first objective of this study was to characterize the fungi associated with WPND in the northeastern United States and document the damage being done to mature eastern white pine as a result of repeated defoliation. To date, 22 species of fungi, either cultured from diseased pine needles or formed fruiting bodies on pine needles were identified based on morphology and sequence data. Lecanosticta acicola and a putative new species of Septorioides were the species most frequently recovered from diseased needles, in addition to needle cast fungi Lophophacidium dooksii and Bifusella linearis, two obligate fungal pathogens that were frequently observed on pine needles in the northeast, but have not been known to cause excessive defoliation of eastern white pine. A second objective was to monitor yearly the health of 63 pairs of healthy and unhealthy trees in eight affected locations throughout New England. Since 2012, affected trees are increasingly and repeatedly chlorotic and defoliated every year. Trees that were initially healthy are now exhibiting symptoms. While L. acicola appears to be the primary pathogen causing WPND, several other common needle pathogens are being more frequently observed and the role of climate change may be important in the disease ecology of WPND. These defoliation events, while once a sporadic occurrence, have now become OPEN ACCESSForests 2015, 6 4089 more frequent as observed in continued crown deterioration of eastern white pine in long-term monitoring plots followed during the course of this three-year study.

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Priority of Lophophacidium over Canavirgella: taxonomic status of Lophophacidium dooksii and Canavirgella banfieldii, causal agents of a white pine needle disease

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Emergence of white pine needle damage in the northeastern United States is associated with changes in pathogen pressure in response to climate change

Emergence of white pine needle damage in the northeastern United States is associated with changes in pathogen pressure in response to climate change

Phacidiaceae endophytes ofPicea rubensin Eastern Canada

Characterization of Fungal Pathogens Associated with White Pine Needle Damage (WPND) in Northeastern North America

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