Prison and Jail Inmates at Midyear 2003

Psychotherapy in Prison: The Frame Imprisoned

“…By midyear 2004, 1 in every 138 U.S. resident was in prison or jail (Harrison & Beck, 2005). At mid-year 2000, 1 in every 8 state prisoners was receiving some mental health therapy or counseling (Beck & Maruschak, 2001).…”

Between the ‘Home’ and ‘Institutional’ Worlds: Tensions and Contradictions in the Practice of House Arrest

“…The practice of ''house arrest,'' a tactic generally associated with the repression of dissidents by authoritarian governments, has come to play a significant role in the criminal justice system of the United States (Harrison and Karberg 2003;Layton MacKenzie 2006). But rather than post a guard outside someone's home to prevent them from leaving, our version of house arrest, sometimes called ''electronically monitored home confinement,'' is a rationalized, bureaucratic, and technologically-driven system of personal monitoring.…”

The Mental Health of Federal Offenders: A Summative Review of the Prevalence Literature

“…Furthermore, given the distinctions in population characteristics, the generalizability of findings from state studies to federal offenders remains questionable. For example, the 10% of non-US citizens estimated to be in state custody (Harrison & Beck, 2005) is far less than one would find in federal custody (27.3%;Bureau of Prisons, 2005). Although the national average for drug crimes leading to state custody is estimated to be 20%, a total of 53% of federal offenders are incarcerated for such crimes.…”

“…It is the product of multiple factors: courts mandating that mentally ill persons receive treatment while in custody; national mental health screening and treatment standards being rigorously applied; and increasingly porous boundaries between the mental health and criminal justice systems (Fisher et al, 2002;Jemelka, Trupin, & Chiles, 1989). Furthermore, growth in the offender population has remained mostly constant (Harrison & Beck, 2005) and little debate remains that the prevalence of mental illness in prison populations is higher than that of the general population (Diamond, Wang, Holzer, Thomas, & Cruser, 2001;Jemelka et al, 1989). Finally, among community mental health providers there is an increasing recognition that many patients have histories of criminality, incarceration, and prison-based mental health treatment (Jemelka et al, 1989;Manderschied, Gravesande, & Goldstrom, 2004;Morgan, Beer, Fitzgerald, & Mandracchia, in press).…”

“…Further, growth in the federal population has far outstripped the states. From 1995 to 2004 the state population increased 14%, while the federal population grew 66% (Harrison & Beck, 2005). Presently, the BOP is America's largest correctional agency .…”