Prisoners in 2002

Harrison, Paige M.; Beck, Allen J.

doi:10.1037/e387822004-001

Cited by 90 publications

(92 citation statements)

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“…As of the end of 2004, there were 2,135,901 inmates being held in local jails and in the state and federal correctional systems, which represents 724 inmates per 100,000 inhabitants. Furthermore, 6 million people are under the supervision of the correctional officers (including inmates, parolees and people on probation) (Harrison & Beck, 2005). In Brazil, incarceration rates are 195 inmates per 100.000 inhabitants (DEPEN, 2006) and in France there are 96 (Cour des Comptes, 2006).…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More than 30 NorthAmerican states have inmates in privately-run custody. In late 2004, over 150 facilities were managed by private operators in the United States, with 98,901 inmates representing 6.6% of the national inmate population (Harrison & Beck, 2005) (3) . In general, private operators charge the government (their final customers) a daily rate for each inmate.…”

Section: Two Models Of Private Governance In Prisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The modes of provision of prison services in a comparative perspective

Cabral

Azevedo

2008

BAR, Braz. Adm. Rev.

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This paper aims to compare the performance of two modes of provision of prison services: public, and with the participation of private companies. There are few empirical studies concerning the alternative modes of governance in this sector, which differs from other public utilities in that there is an absence of network externalities and scale economies. In addition, an understanding of informal institutions is crucial for the performance of the service provider, either public or private. In this paper, we build a comparative analysis of two case studies of similar correctional facilities, one public and the other outsourced to a private company under the supervision of civil servants (hybrid governance structure), both located in the same region of Brazil. We found that the privately operated facility has achieved better performance indicators (in terms of number of escapes, riots, deaths, assistance to inmates etc.) than the public facility, which in part refutes the arguments of Hart, Shleifer and Vishny (1997) against private participation in prison services. We conclude that the reasons for these differences are related to lower levels of administrative controls; to the presence of civil servants within the privately operated prison, which contributes to reducing information asymmetries; to greater incentives for the private operator: to monitor employees, to bypass local judiciary constraints and to fulfill contractual obligations.

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Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Two Models Of Private Governance In Prisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The modes of provision of prison services in a comparative perspective

Cabral

Azevedo

2008

BAR, Braz. Adm. Rev.

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“…More than 2 million U.S. adults were incarcerated in federal and state prisons and local jails at the end of 2003 (Harrison & Beck, 2004). Federal and state prisons alone house nearly 1.5 million inmates, the majority (93%) of whom are men (Harrison & Beck, 2004).…”

Section: Abstract Prison Rape; Hiv; Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Federal and state prisons alone house nearly 1.5 million inmates, the majority (93%) of whom are men (Harrison & Beck, 2004).…”

Section: Abstract Prison Rape; Hiv; Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our model the probability that an incarcerated man would acquire HIV as a result of being raped in prison equals the product: P(HIV) = P(HIV|R) × P(R), where P(R) is the probability that the inmate is raped and P(HIV|R) is the probability that he would acquire HIV if raped. The total number of currently imprisoned men who already have or will acquire HIV as a consequence of being raped in prison equals P(HIV) × N, where N is the number of men incarcerated in U.S. federal and state prisons (1.4 million at the end of 2003; Harrison & Beck, 2004).…”

Section: Model Of Hiv Acquisition Risk Because Of Prison Rapementioning

confidence: 99%

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Model-Based Estimates of HIV Acquisition Due to Prison Rape

2007

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Nearly 1.4 million men are incarcerated in federal and state prisons in the United States. These men are disproportionately affected by HIV in comparison with the at-large male population. The elevated prevalence of HIV infection in U.S. prisons has raised concerns over the potential for intraprison HIV transmission due to rape and other forms of sexual victimization. However, the number of men who acquire HIV after being raped in U.S. prisons is not known. We developed a mathematical model of HIV transmission to estimate the likelihood that an incarcerated man would become infected as a result of prison rape and to provide preliminary estimates of the number of prison rape victims who acquire HIV. Our results suggest that between 43 and 93 currently incarcerated men already have or will acquire HIV as a result of being raped in prison. Keywords prison rape; HIV; mathematical modelMore than 2 million U.S. adults were incarcerated in federal and state prisons and local jails at the end of 2003 (Harrison & Beck, 2004). Federal and state prisons alone house nearly 1.5 million inmates, the majority (93%) of whom are men (Harrison & Beck, 2004).A disproportionate number of U.S. prison inmates are infected with HIV-the virus that causes AIDS-in comparison with the at-large population. Approximately 1.9% of men and 2.8% of women incarcerated in state and federal prisons are known to have HIV (Maruschak, 2004); the true prevalence of infection is likely to be higher. The elevated prevalence of HIV infection in U.S. prisons has raised concerns over the potential for intraprison HIV transmission due to rape and other forms of sexual victimization (Dumond, 1992;Krebs, 2002;Mair, Frattaroli, & Teret, 2003;Mariner, 2001;Robertson, 2003; Stop Prisoner Rape, 2005).Although estimates of the frequency of prison rape vary widely, prisoner-on-prisoner sexual assaults occur with alarming regularity. A recent meta-analysis of published studies of prison sexual assault indicated that approximately 1.9% of all inmates are raped or otherwise seriously assaulted while in prison (Gaes & Goldberg, 2004). Notably, prison rape incidents often involve multiple perpetrators (Banbury, 2004;Mariner, 2001; Struckman-Johnson, StruckmanJohnson, Rucker, Bumby, & Donaldson, 1996) and sometimes cause serious injury to the victim, including trauma to rectal and vaginal tissue (Dumond & Dumond, 2002), both of which increase HIV risk (Schoub, 1999). Moreover, unlike sexual assault in the general community, a person who is raped in prison may be unable to remove him-or herself from the vicinity of the perpetrator or perpetrators and thus may be raped repeatedly while incarcerated (Banbury, 2004;Dumond, 2003;Mariner, 2001;Struckman-Johnson et al., 1996). Context of Prison RapeMost of the available evidence regarding the experiences of men who are raped in prison is anecdotal, informal, or otherwise drawn from first-person accounts (e.g., Anderson, 2001;Brook, 2004;Chonco, 1989;Mariner, 2001). These accounts suggest that many initial rape attempt...

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Homelessness and Health Care Access After Emancipation

Kushel¹,

Yen²,

Gee³

et al. 2007

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

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Objective: To estimate the association between housing status and health care access and outcomes among young adults aging out of the child welfare system. Results: Among the 345 emancipated participants, 14.2% experienced homelessness and 39.4% were unstably housed. In multivariate analysis of emancipated participants, homelessness was associated with being uninsured (AOR, 3.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.52-7.63) and having unmet need for health care (AOR, 3.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.40-7.56); it was not associated with not having had ambulatory care. In multivariate analysis of all participants, housing status was not associated with reporting fair or poor health at follow-up or, among women, with having had a pregnancy. Conclusion:Having had an episode of homelessness after emancipation is associated with worse health access, but not worse outcomes, among youth emancipated from foster care.Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007;161(10):986-993

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Prisoners in 2002

Cited by 90 publications

References 0 publications

The modes of provision of prison services in a comparative perspective

The modes of provision of prison services in a comparative perspective

Model-Based Estimates of HIV Acquisition Due to Prison Rape

Homelessness and Health Care Access After Emancipation

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