“…The centralized-based approach incorporates central entities for acquiring, processing, and providing outcomes, while distributed-based approach focuses on two principles: first, "edge intelligence," which places the location of intelligence on the edges of the networks; second, "collaboration principle" that integrates disparate systems to achieve a common outcome. 1,3,4 IoT in several risk-critical applications such as military control systems, healthcare systems, precision agriculture, and industrial control systems, configure complex distributed network structures for continuous data transmission. Digital healthcare systems heighten the requirement of seamless collaboration with multiple healthcare infrastructures to provide pervasive inter-domain services.…”