Privacy Protection in Tourism: Where We Are and Where We Should Be Heading For

Abstract

The link between information privacy concerns and privacy behaviours has been a focus of extensive investigation in various disciplines. However, little attention has been devoted to this issue in the tourism literature. Spurred by technological development and shaped by tourismrelated environments, emerging privacy issues call for comprehensive yet context-specific studies to ensure tourists are making beneficial privacy choices. This paper first presents a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art research on privacy concerns and behaviours. Then, it suggests a list of overarching research priorities, merging social and technical aspects of privacy protection approaches as they apply to tourism. The priorities include research to measure tourists' privacy concerns, explore specific biases in tourists' privacy decisions, experiment with privacy nudges, and explore how to integrate privacy nudges in system design. Thus, this paper contributes to guiding the direction of future research on privacy protection in tourism.

A review of research into automation in tourism: Launching the Annals of Tourism Research Curated Collection on Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in Tourism

“…Other risks are associated with constant collection of sensitive personal data, including biometric and behavior data, resulting in issues of privacy, in terms of both identifiability and surveillance, and security. Additionally, tourists may not be aware of the range of privacy and security threats associated with automated systems powered by artificial intelligence technologies(Tussyadiah, Li, & Miller, 2019), making them prone to making uninformed privacy decisions.The rapid development of artificial intelligence and its related technologies should be balanced with strategies and policies that endeavor to optimize the benefits and minimize the risks of intelligent automation in tourism. These might include training the current workforce in new skills, implementing educational reform, creating new safety and security standards for intelligent automation, informing tourists about privacy issues, and creating standards for transparent and responsible use of customer data.…”

Co-creating Personalised Experiences in the Context of the Personalisation-Privacy Paradox

“…However, the results demonstrate that awareness about personalisation technology being implemented increases tourists' concerns about the accuracy of personalisation as well as the security and misuse of their personal data. In other words, the awareness about personalisation intensifies the personalisation-privacy paradox of the tourist co-creation behaviour [5].…”

“…Legal regulations, such as the General Data Protections Regulation (GDPR), and widely discussed data breaches and misuses by Cambridge Analytica, Cathey Pacific, Marriott and other tech-savvy companies, have in fact exposed the threats of privacy intrusion and frauds, which data-driven personalisation can pose [4]. Given that personalisation is named among the key success factors for tourism businesses, practical solutions are required to ensure positive tourists experiences [5]. However, the effect of information about data-driven personalisation on tourist experiences remains underexplored.…”

“Most Americans like their privacy.” Exploring privacy concerns through US guests’ reviews

“…Macroenvironmental factors, such as cross-cultural preferences, have been identified as antecedents of privacy concerns (Ioannou et al, 2020;Tussyadiah et al, 2019). Research on privacy has shown that culture impacts consumers' attitudes toward privacy concerns (Bellman et al, 2004;Cullen, 2009;Dinev et al, 2006;Milberg et al, 2000).…”