Private and public milk standards in Argentina and Brazil

Farina, Elizabeth Maria Mercier Querido; Gutman, Graciela E.; Lavarello, Pablo; Nunes, Rubens; Reardon, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.foodpol.2005.05.008

Cited by 66 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…There is some concentration among wholesalers and a displacement of "the first link in the chain," the traditional field brokers (observed in India, China, Indonesia, and others), with the concomitant, direct buying by wholesale markets from rural areas from cooperatives, mills, or cold ‡ Gorton M, Sauer J, Supatpongkul P (2009) Investigating Thai shopping behavior: Wetmarkets, supermarkets and the 'Big Middle.' Paper presented at the International Association of Agricultural Economists Conference, Beijing, August [16][17][18][19][20][21][22]2009. § Evidence on the impacts on consumers in Asia (and elsewhere) is reviewed in ref.…”

Section: Innovation In Transformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supermarket revolution in Asia and emerging development strategies to include small farmers

Reardon

Timmer

Minten³

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

289

242

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Section: Innovation In Transformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supermarket revolution in Asia and emerging development strategies to include small farmers

Reardon

Timmer

Minten³

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

289

242

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“…Considering market expansion expectations, Farina et al (2005), milk exporting and the national intention to increase its market share in this area, AFM1 milk contamination is still an obstacle to be overcome.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal milk contamination by aflatoxin m1, organophosphates and carbamates in Paraná – Brazil

Ramos

Damasceno

Kazama

et al. 2016

SCA

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Aiming to evaluate the milk contamination in the dairy production systems (DPS) for mycotoxins and chemical residues of organophosphates and carbamates it was made a study encompassing 96 DPS in three regions of Parana state. There were collected samples of milk, water and food and they were evaluated for chemical residues in all samples and aflatoxin only for food and milk. Mycotoxins in food (aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2, zearalenone and ochratoxin) were detected by the method of thin layer chromatography -TLC and for the determination of aflatoxin M1 was used an immunoassay kit competitive ELISA Ridascreen®. The residues of organophosphates and carbamates were performed by colorimetric method qualitatively. There were evaluated the differences between regions, periods and the sources of mycotoxin contamination. Carbamates and organophosphates were screened for their presence in milk and the sources of food and water. Then it was estimated the contributions of each mycotoxin for milk contamination, as well as their respective contaminated food. Differences were found between periods (p < 0,05) for milk contamination with aflatoxin M1 -AFM1. For carbamates and organophosphates were found different contamination sources (p < 0,01). For the carbamates the source were pesticides used to parasitic herd control and for the organophosphates pesticides used in agriculture. For food sources contamination resulting in the AFM1 contamination it was detected that aflatoxin B1 -AFB1 was the main source. The aflatoxin G1 -AFG1 showed a strong correlation (p < 0,01) with AFB1 levels suggesting causal relationship is a function of fungal strains producing both at the same time. It was also found the prevalence of aflatoxin contamination in 70% of contaminated samples and its predominant presence in relation to other mycotoxins in all kinds of foods analyzed. By identifying the checkpoints of contamination can be proposed the inclusion of practical management methods to avoid this. ResumoObjetivando avaliar a contaminação por micotoxinas e resíduos de organofosforados e carbamatos em Sistemas de Produção Leiteira (SPL) foi realizado um estudo em 96 SPL em três regiões do Paraná. Foram colhidas amostras de leite, água e alimentos para a avaliação dos resíduos dos pesticidas, mas para aflatoxinas apenas foram avaliados o leite e os alimentos. As micotoxinas nos alimentos (aflatoxinas B1, B2, G1, G2, Zearalenona e Ocratoxina) foram detectadas por meio da cromatografia de camada delgada. Para a determinação da aflatoxina M1(AFM1) foi utilizado kit de imunoafinidade competitiva (ELISA) Ridascreen ® . Os resíduos de organofosforados e carbamatos foram determinados por método colorimétrico qualitativo. Foram avaliadas as diferenças entre as regiões, períodos do ano e fontes de contaminação por micotoxina. A presença de carbamatos e organofosforados foi rastreada no leite, alimentos e água. A contribuição de cada micotoxina para a contaminação do leite foi estimada, bem como a fonte alimentar mais provável. Foram encontradas dife...

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“…Small producers and local cooperatives could not finance the major investments required in cooling tanks for milk collection. The Brazilian government provided inadequate support, and local farmers could not compete with the foreign investors in the domestic market (49). Similarly, in Nicaragua, dairy producers of Nueva Guinea, a major dairy-producing region, lost their foreign market in 1998, when neighboring countries adopted government regulation in compliance with HACCP standards, and they could not meet this new requirement (40).…”

Section: Case Studies On Interactions Between Standards and Smallholdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This institutional change in the dairy industry sparked reorganizing among private and public actors to build their capabilities. After Brazil significantly reformed its public food safety standards, the government's initial response was inadequate, but it later created public financing and specialized services to assist small dairy producers (49). At the same time, dairy cooperatives began to build their managerial capacity and service provision for their members to increase their production for local and foreign markets.…”

Section: Case Studies On Interactions Between Standards and Smallholdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global standards and local knowledge building: Upgrading small producers in developing countries

Perez‐Aleman

2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Local knowledge building is a crucial factor for upgrading small producers and improving their market competitiveness and livelihoods. The rise of global standards affecting food safety and environmental sustainability in agriculture sparks debates on the impact on smallholders in developing countries. This article presents a perspective on the links of international standards to knowledge and institution building for developing the capabilities of small producers. Interacting with global practices, indigenous private and public actors create local institutions to develop capabilities for product and process innovations that contribute to economic development and enhance food security. Local innovation depends on collective strategic efforts through increasing networks among small producers and other organizations, including firms, nongovernmental organizations, and government, that foster knowledge circulation and bring diverse resources and support to build local capabilities.

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Private and public milk standards in Argentina and Brazil

Cited by 66 publications

References 3 publications

Supermarket revolution in Asia and emerging development strategies to include small farmers

Supermarket revolution in Asia and emerging development strategies to include small farmers

Seasonal milk contamination by aflatoxin m1, organophosphates and carbamates in Paraná – Brazil

Global standards and local knowledge building: Upgrading small producers in developing countries

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