Private–public mappings in human prefrontal cortex

Bang, Dan; Ershadmanesh, Sara; Nili, Hamed; Fleming, Stephen M.

doi:10.7554/elife.56477

Cited by 30 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…While the representation in dACC may serve to inform internal models and response selection [39][40][41][42] , it seems likely that dAI integrates uncertainty with interoceptive and affective information to form a general subjective feeling state 22 . rlPFC, on the other hand, likely plays a key role in the integration of internal uncertainty with contextual information to compute confidence 32,36,[43][44][45] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subjective confidence reflects representation of Bayesian probability in cortex

Geurts

Jrh

et al. 2021

Preprint

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What gives rise to the human sense of confidence? Here, we tested the Bayesian hypothesis that confidence is based on a probability distribution represented in neural population activity. We implemented several computational models of confidence, and tested their predictions using psychophysics and fMRI. Using a generative model-based fMRI decoding approach, we extracted probability distributions from neural population activity in human visual cortex. We found that subjective confidence tracks the shape of the decoded distribution. That is, when sensory evidence was more precise, as indicated by the decoded distribution, observers reported higher levels of confidence. We furthermore found that neural activity in the insula, anterior cingulate, and prefrontal cortex was linked to both the shape of the decoded distribution and reported confidence, in ways consistent with the Bayesian model. Altogether, our findings support recent statistical theories of confidence and suggest that probabilistic information guides the computation of one's sense of confidence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subjective confidence reflects representation of Bayesian probability in cortex

Geurts

Jrh

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…In particular, we found that, at the time of making a perceptual estimate, dACC tracked participants’ confidence in this estimate – a temporal association identified by other studies on the neural basis of decision confidence (18). However, recent research, which disentangled the components of decision confidence (28) or separated a sense of confidence from explicit confidence reports (17), suggest that this temporal association is due to a role of dACC in controlling confidence-based behaviours rather than encoding a sense of confidence per se. However, we acknowledge that our whole-brain analysis did not reveal any other brain regions that may have supported a confidence computation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct neurocomputational mechanisms support informational and normative conformity

Mahmoodi

Nili

Mehring

et al. 2019

Preprint

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We occasionally receive conflicting views from others. To maximize accuracy, we should exercise informational conformity by changing our mind proportional to our confidence about our initial view. This account predicts that neural correlates of confidence in the private decision should be replayed as the private and social information are integrated. In a perceptual estimation task (N=120), influence from others was proportional to private confidence. Human fMRI (N=20) showed that consistent with the replay hypothesis, confidence covaried with temporally distributed activity during private estimate (Precuneus and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, dACC), social change of mind (dACC) and social outcome (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and dACC). During social change of mind and only when paired with alleged human (but not with computer) partners, left temproparietal junction carried information about participants' social use of confidence. Our study reveals the neuronal substrates of the role of confidence in computational implementation of informational conformity.

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“…The correlation distance metric was chosen as a measure that is magnitude insensitive to the BOLD signal, and thus makes separate predictions from the univariate trial-by-trial model-based analysis or by using alternative distance metrics such as Euclidean distance 57,66 . As in previous RSA studies 54,[99][100][101] the diameter of the searchlight sphere was 15 mm (approximately 100 voxels) and we used the group level mask to define the volume for the searchlight analysis. The brain searchlight maps were correlated with each behavioural RDM using Kendall's Tau-a to parallel the ROI analysis.…”

Section: Imaging Design: Multivariate Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct neural representations for prosocial and self-benefitting effort

Lockwood

Wittmann

Nili

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Prosocial behaviours - actions that benefit others - are central to individual and societal well-being. Most prosocial acts are effortful. Yet, how the brain encodes effort costs when actions benefit others is unknown. Here, using a combination of multivariate representational similarity analysis and model-based univariate analysis during fMRI, we reveal how the costs of prosocial efforts are processed. Strikingly, we identified a unique neural signature of effort in the anterior cingulate gyrus for prosocial acts both when choosing to help others and when exerting force for their benefit. This pattern was absent for similar self-benefitting behaviour and correlated with individual levels of empathy. In contrast, the ventral tegmental area and the ventral insula signalled subjective value preferentially when choosing whether to exert effort to benefit oneself. These findings demonstrate partially distinct brain areas guide the evaluation and exertion of effort costs when acts are prosocial or self-benefitting.

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Private–public mappings in human prefrontal cortex

Cited by 30 publications

References 54 publications

Subjective confidence reflects representation of Bayesian probability in cortex

Subjective confidence reflects representation of Bayesian probability in cortex

Distinct neurocomputational mechanisms support informational and normative conformity

Distinct neural representations for prosocial and self-benefitting effort

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