Private self-consciousness and the five-factor model of personality: Distinguishing rumination from reflection.

Trapnell, Paul D.; Campbell, Jennifer D.

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.76.2.284

Cited by 1,444 publications

(1,584 citation statements)

References 120 publications

(249 reference statements)

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“…The association of reactive control with anxiety explains why anxiety is associated with increased undifferentiated awareness of arousal (physiological activation; Pollatos et al, 2007) but less differentiated awareness of specific somatic states (somatic neglect; Koole et al, 2014). It also explains the negative correlations of trait internal state awareness with social anxiety, depression, psychological distress, and external control, and more accurate and extensive selfknowledge (Watson et al, 1996;Trapnell and Campbell, 1999;Ghorbani et al, 2004;Takano and Tanno, 2009). This provides a way in which neuroimaging methods, by investigating insular involvement in embodied processes (posterior vs. anterior), might be used in combination with embodiment approaches to further test the PARCs model.…”

Section: Neuroimaging and Psychophysiological Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Toward a Radically Embodied Neuroscience of Attachment and Relationships?

2014

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Attachment theory (Bowlby, 1969(Bowlby, /1982 posits the existence of internal working models as a foundational feature of human bonds. Radical embodied approaches instead suggest that cognition requires no computation or representation, favoring a cognition situated in a body in an environmental context with affordances for action (Chemero, 2009;Barrett, 2011;Wilson and Golonka, 2013;Casasanto and Lupyan, 2015). We explore whether embodied approaches to social soothing, interpersonal warmth, separation distress, and support seeking could replace representational constructs such as internal working models with a view of relationship cognition anchored in the resources afforded to the individual by their brain, body, and environment in interaction. We review the neurobiological bases for social attachments and relationships and attempt to delineate how these systems overlap or don't with more basic physiological systems in ways that support or contradict a radical embodied explanation. We suggest that many effects might be the result of the fact that relationship cognition depends on and emerges out of the action of neural systems that regulate several clearly physically grounded systems. For example, the neuropeptide oxytocin appears to be central to attachment and pair-bond behavior (Carter and Keverne, 2002) and is implicated in social thermoregulation more broadly, being necessary for maintaining a warm body temperature (for a review, see IJzerman et al., 2015b). Finally, we discuss the most challenging issues around taking a radically embodied perspective on social relationships. We find the most crucial challenge in individual differences in support seeking and responses to social contact, which have long been thought to be a function of representational structures in the mind (e.g., Baldwin, 1995). Together we entertain the thought to explain such individual differences without mediating representations or computations, but in the end propose a hybrid model of radical embodiment and internal representations.

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Section: Neuroimaging and Psychophysiological Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Toward a Radically Embodied Neuroscience of Attachment and Relationships?

2014

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“…With regards to worry, all eleven studies measuring worry used the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ; Meyer et al, 1990). Regarding rumination, five studies used the Response Styles Questionnaire (RSQ; Nolen-Hoeksema & Morrow, 1991); two studies used the Rumination-reflection questionnaire (RRQ; Trapnell & Campbell, 1999); one study used the Rumination on Sadness Scale (RSS; Raes, Hermans, & Eelen, 2003); one study used the Daily Emotion Report (DER; NolenHoeksema, Morrow & Fredrickson, 1993); and one study created their own items. Foa & Meadows (1997) suggest the use of treatment protocol manuals to ensure consistency and all studies in this review satisfied this standard.…”

Section: Treatment Integrity Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing treatments used to reduce rumination and/or worry: A systematic review

Querstret

Cropley

2013

Clinical Psychology Review

196

112

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Perseverative cognitions such as rumination and worry are key components of mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety. Given the frequent comorbidity of conditions in which rumination and worry are present, it is possible they are underpinned by the same cognitive process. Furthermore, rumination and worry appear to be part of a causal chain that can lead to long-term health consequences, including cardiovascular disease and other chronic conditions. It is important therefore to understand what interventions may be useful in reducing their incidence. This systematic review aimed to assess treatments used to reduce worry and/or rumination. As we were interested in understanding the current treatment landscape, we limited our search from 2002-2012. Nineteen studies were included in the review and were assessed for methodological quality and treatment integrity. Results suggested that mindfulness-based and cognitive behavioural interventions may be effective in the reduction of both rumination and worry; with both Internet-delivered and face-to-face delivered formats useful. More broadly, it appears that treatments in which participants are encouraged to change their thinking style, or to disengage from emotional response to rumination and/or worry (e.g., through mindful techniques), could be helpful. Implications for treatment and avenues for future research are discussed.

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“…Selfcompassion was measured with the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS: Neff, 2003). Rumination was assessed with the 12-item rumination subscale of the Rumination-Reflection Questionnaire (RRQ: Trapnell & Campbell, 1999). Perceived stress was measured with a 14-item version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS: Cohen, Kamarck, & Mermelstein, 1983).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Mindful Awareness Practices on College Student Health, Well-Being, and Capacity for Learning: A Pilot Study

Yamada

Victor

2012

Psychology Learning & Teaching

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This preliminary study examined the feasibility and potential utility of mindful awareness practices (MAPs) in terms of enhancing student learning in the college classroom, as well as improving psychological well-being. One of two identical undergraduate psychology sections included a 10-minute MAP at the beginning of every class (mindfulness group n = 37; control group n = 23). Primary learning and secondary self-report outcomes were obtained. Controlling for significant demographic covariates, students in the mindfulness group demonstrated significant increases in mindful awareness traits and reductions in rumination and state anxiety compared with controls. While mindfulness intervention did not lead to significant improvement in academic performance across the semester, 81% of students self-reported positive effects of MAPs on their learning. It is concluded that it is feasible to incorporate MAPs into a regular college classroom. MAPs may help improve student psychological well-being. Although students perceived themselves to benefit from their mindfulness practice, further research is needed to examine the effects of MAPs on student academic performance.

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Private self-consciousness and the five-factor model of personality: Distinguishing rumination from reflection.

Cited by 1,444 publications

References 120 publications

Toward a Radically Embodied Neuroscience of Attachment and Relationships?

Toward a Radically Embodied Neuroscience of Attachment and Relationships?

Assessing treatments used to reduce rumination and/or worry: A systematic review

The Impact of Mindful Awareness Practices on College Student Health, Well-Being, and Capacity for Learning: A Pilot Study

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