Private Water Tanker Operators in Kathmandu

Shrestha, Dibesh; Shukla, Ashutosh

doi:10.4324/9781315734187-16

Cited by 6 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In 21 of the reviewed papers, trucked water was used as the primary source of drinking water for a population. However, the literature also suggests that, often, trucked water supplements piped water and is used for purposes other than drinking such as bathing, water gardens, and cleaning, 37 and occasionally a secondary source of drinking water. The amount of water provided by a truck also depends on the intended use and storage of the delivered water.…”

Section: ■ Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amount of water provided by a truck also depends on the intended use and storage of the delivered water. In some contexts, trucked water is often used for purposes other than drinking when its quality cannot be ensured, if it was not treated prior to delivery, or filled from an unprotected source …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some contexts, trucked water is often used for purposes other than drinking when its quality cannot be ensured, if it was not treated prior to delivery, or filled from an unprotected source. 37 Trucks of water are often filled at a water point or source water location, the water is transported to customers, and then household storage is filled with the delivered water at the location where it will be used, although in some locations, households may bring a container to the truck to fill and carry home themselves. In the context of regular trucked water supplies such as those in Nunavut, water is stored in a household water storage tank, and deliveries of water are provided on a schedule determined by truck and operator availability.…”

Section: ■ Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Critical Review of the Global Use and Context of Trucked Water as a Potable Water Supply

Lane

Kumpel

2023

ACS EST Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Achieving global access to safe drinking water has primarily focused on providing on-plot water services. However, many communities are served by delivery of potable water trucked to homes for drinking and/or domestic purposes, whether during humanitarian emergencies, as a result of geographic remoteness, or other underlying factors. The goal of this study was to review literature and available global data surrounding trucked water to understand (1) the number of people served by trucked water, (2) scenarios when trucked water is used to deliver water, and (3) research challenges in trucked water services. We conducted a review of 118 peer-reviewed literature papers. These studies revealed key themes: water quality, cost, contexts, operation and management, and water quantity supplied. We also estimated the number of people served by trucked water using data from global surveys from 2009 to 2019, estimating a range of 29.6–64.1 million people served by trucked water globally. We identified several countries without known national data identifying use of trucked water but cited in the literature, including North America and Europe. Our findings demonstrate the widespread prevalence of trucked water supplies globally and identify reasons for trucked water delivery and challenges remaining for trucked water supplies.

show abstract

Section: ■ Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Critical Review of the Global Use and Context of Trucked Water as a Potable Water Supply

Lane

Kumpel

2023

ACS EST Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Tanker water is a major component of the valley’s water market [6], as is so in other countries, such as Bangladesh, Indonesia, Pakistan, the Philippines, and Thailand [7]. Water tankers play an important role in transporting large volumes of water abstracted from ground and surface sources to communities and households lacking the infrastructure or that are deprived of water sources [6,8,9,10]. The sources of tanker water in the valley range from surface water to shallow or deep borings, whereas the treatment procedures usually applied by TFSs vary from aeration, sedimentation and filtration (generally by pressurized sand filters), to use of bleaching powders [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Pathogenic Viruses, Pathogen Indicators, and Fecal-Source Markers within Tanker Water and Their Sources in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tanker water is used extensively for drinking as well as domestic purposes in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal. This study aimed to investigate water quality in terms of microbial contamination and determine sources of fecal pollution within these waters. Thirty-one samples from 17 tanker filling stations (TFSs) and 30 water tanker (WT) samples were collected during the dry and wet seasons of 2016. Escherichia coli was detected in 52% of the 31 TFS samples and even more frequently in WT samples. Of the six pathogenic viruses tested, enteroviruses, noroviruses of genogroup II (NoVs-GII), human adenoviruses (HAdVs), and group A rotaviruses were detected using quantitative PCR (qPCR) at 10, five, four, and two TFSs, respectively, whereas Aichi virus 1 and NoVs-GI were not detected at any sites. Index viruses, such as pepper mild mottle virus and tobacco mosaic virus, were detected using qPCR in 77% and 95% out of 22 samples, respectively, all of which were positive for at least one of the tested pathogenic viruses. At least one of the four human-associated markers tested (i.e., BacHum, HAdVs, and JC and BK polyomaviruses) was detected using qPCR in 39% of TFS samples. Ruminant-associated markers were detected at three stations, and pig- and chicken-associated markers were found at one station each of the suburbs. These findings indicate that water supplied by TFSs is generally of poor quality and should be improved, and proper management of WTs should be implemented.

show abstract

“…Yet, with water demand 377 Million Litres per Day (MLD) and supply 120 MLD in wet season and 73 MLD in dry season, the valley is increasingly water deficit (KUKL, 2017). Over 90% of the private water tanker supplies that have emerged as a result of this increasing water demand-supply gap is based on groundwater extracted from periurban areas of the valley (Shrestha, 2011b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater Policy and Ground Water Dependencies: Reflecting on the Evolving Socio-Environmental Dynamics in Peri-Urban Kathmandu Valley

Shrestha

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Groundwater is an increasingly important source of water supply in Kathmandu Valley, ‘the hub of Nepal’s urbanisation’. Past studies have revealed that groundwater extraction in Kathmandu Valley exceeds its recharge, thus having negative consequences like drying of traditional water sources, decreasing yield of wells, and declining groundwater levels. The groundwater policy 2012 was formulated with the aim of managing groundwater use in the valley. Yet, with rapid urban growth, groundwater exploitation has continued increasing in the city and the peri-urban areas in Kathmandu Valley. But little is known regarding how urbanisation shapes increasing groundwater exploitation in the peri-urban settings. This study unfolds the underexplored socio-environmental dynamics underlying groundwater exploitation in peri-urban areas of Kathmandu Valley. The findings from the case study using qualitative research methods, conducted in peri-urban locations of Kathmandu Valley show increasing competition for water and growing use of as well as dependence on groundwater in these rapidly evolving peri-urban spaces, despite growing protests and worries about its consequences. However, the existing groundwater policy lacks attention to peri-urban dynamics of change and growth and does little to address the increasing groundwater use in peri-urban locations in the valley. The polarised views and local conflicts around groundwater exploitation emerging in peri-urban spaces are the outcome of multiple entanglements: sectoral divides and overlapping responsibilities in water institutions, weak governance and management; socio-economic transformations in peri-urban spaces, the invisibility of groundwater and ambiguity in the hydrological dynamics of conjunctive water use. Based on my findings, I stress on the need for addressing the existing macro-micro gaps (ground)water management by improving the understanding of local hydro-geological complexities and paying critical attention to the socio-economic, political and institutional drivers of increasing groundwater use.

show abstract

Private Water Tanker Operators in Kathmandu

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

A Critical Review of the Global Use and Context of Trucked Water as a Potable Water Supply

A Critical Review of the Global Use and Context of Trucked Water as a Potable Water Supply

Detection of Pathogenic Viruses, Pathogen Indicators, and Fecal-Source Markers within Tanker Water and Their Sources in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Groundwater Policy and Ground Water Dependencies: Reflecting on the Evolving Socio-Environmental Dynamics in Peri-Urban Kathmandu Valley

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About