Privatizing Public Research

Cohen, Linda R.; Noll, Roger G.

doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0994-72

Cited by 46 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…The corporate manipulation thesis argues that corporations interfere with the normal pursuit of science and that they seek to control relevant university research for their own ends, rather than faculty members advancing their research agenda through the pursuit of opportunities for federal and industrial funding (for a recent overview on this debate within the field of Medicine, see Kelch (2002); with respect to policies adopted in order to address potential conflicts of interest within this field, see Drazen and Curfman, 2002). However, this thesis is not always validated in reality, as illustrated by some of the findings of the detailed Carnegie Mellon survey of US university-industry research centers, conducted by Cohen et al (1994, in Florida & Cohen, 1999. The results of the survey show that university research centers mostly claim to be the prime movers in the development of closer university-industry ties, although their decision was conditioned by federal science and technology policies.…”

Section: Boundaries and Concernsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In addition, in the US, one observed during the eighties a shift in priorities, favouring R&D that would contribute to American productivity and global competitiveness (Cohen and Noll, 1994). Moreover, a crucial dimension in the process of developing academic entrepreneurial capacity relates to the adoption of policy measures regulating intellectual property rights and their related patenting and licensing activities.…”

Section: Introduction: Entrepreneurial Universitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combining entrepreneurial and scientific performance in academia: towards a compounded and reciprocal Matthew-effect?

et al. 2004

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The increase of entrepreneurial activity within academia has raised concerns that the research orientation of universities might become 'contaminated' by the applicationoriented needs of industry. Empirical evidence on this concern is scarce and ambiguous. We examine whether entrepreneurial and scientific performance in academia can be reconciled. Our empirical findings (K.D.Leuven, Belgium) suggest that both activities do not hamper each other; engagement in entrepreneurial activities coincides with increased publication outputs, without affecting the nature of the publications involved. As resources increase, this interaction becomes more significant, pointing towards a Matthew-effect. We finally suggest that balancing both activities further depends on the institutional policies deployed.

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Section: Boundaries and Concernsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introduction: Entrepreneurial Universitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining entrepreneurial and scientific performance in academia: towards a compounded and reciprocal Matthew-effect?

et al. 2004

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“…In many countries, policy measures have been introduced in an attempt to improve the contribution of universities to national innovation potential (Cohen and Noll 1994). These include support schemes for cooperation between business and academia and measures that regulate intellectual property rights (IPR), such as the Bayh-Dole Act and the StevensonWydler Act in the USA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The participation of universities in technology development: do creation and use coincide? An empirical investigation on the level of national innovation systems

Veugelers

Callaert

Song

et al. 2012

Economics of Innovation and New Technology

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“…Since the mid-1980s, a deep economic recession forced the U.S. government to re-evaluate its support to basic and applied research because public budget became severely scrutinized (Cohen and Noll 1994). Because many other nations were facing similar fiscal restrictions, they had to follow suit and started to reduce the level of research funds for their universities and national laboratories (Armstrong 1992;OECD 1999;Litan et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Human Capital in University-Business Cooperation: The Case of Mexico

Merritt

2015

J Knowl Econ

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The interaction between industrial firms and academia has long been extremely weak in Mexico in spite of the manufacturing revival sparked by NAFTA since 1994. This situation is paradoxical given the persistent efforts from the Mexican State to encourage university-industry linkages. Over the years, this uncoupling has produced two effects: on the one hand, university research has followed its own agenda, mainly driven by scientists' interests based on their career tracks, and on the other hand, most firms lack research and development capabilities because they have preferred to seek abroad for technological advice. Because human capital plays a crucial role in this phenomenon, we then focus on answering the following question: to what extent are Mexican industrial firms able to harness university knowledge? Analyses carried out on a survey of 39,336 enterprises, which were collected by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI), suggest that larger firms are more capable of absorbing the knowledge generated by universities thanks to their higher level of human capital, whereas smaller firms face harder challenges to harness academic knowledge because of their lack of qualified engineers and technicians that can help them to address their innovative endeavours. The implication of these results for public policy is that collaboration between industry and academia in Mexico can be encouraged by selectively supporting the hire of relatively low-trained engineering graduates and technicians, whereas universities should also be able to promote key programming skills, technical training, infrastructure skills and even sales training and negotiation skills, much earlier in the academic process.

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Privatizing Public Research

Cited by 46 publications

References 0 publications

Combining entrepreneurial and scientific performance in academia: towards a compounded and reciprocal Matthew-effect?

Combining entrepreneurial and scientific performance in academia: towards a compounded and reciprocal Matthew-effect?

The participation of universities in technology development: do creation and use coincide? An empirical investigation on the level of national innovation systems

The Role of Human Capital in University-Business Cooperation: The Case of Mexico

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