Pro and Antiinflammatory Properties of Toxins from Animal Venoms

Farsky, Sandra Helena Poliselli; Antunes, Edson; Mello, Suzana Beatriz Verissímo de

doi:10.2174/1568010054022150

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 248 publications

(324 reference statements)

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“…Studies have shown that the Bothrops atrox venom peptide, batroxobin, caused a significant decrease in the fibrinogen level, whereas it had no effect on paw swelling [10] . Crotalus durissus terrificus venom, which contains crotoxin as a major active component, administered subcutaneously before or after subplantar injection of carrageenan into the mouse right hind paw significantly inhibited edema and migration of polymorphonuclear cells to the peritoneal cavity [11,12] . Cobra venoms contain high levels of neurotoxins that target nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of complete Freund's adjuvant-induced adjuvant arthritis by cobratoxin

et al. 2009

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Aim: Cobratoxin (CTX), the long-chain α-neurotoxin from Thailand cobra venom, has been demonstrated to have analgesic action in rodent pain models. The present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of CTX on adjuvant arthritis (AA) in rats. Methods: Arthritis was induced by injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in rats. Paw swelling and hyperalgesia of AA rats were measured at various times after CFA administration. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels in serum were determined with ELISA. Histopathological changes in synoviocytes were examined under a microscope. Involvement of the cholinergic system in the effects of CTX was examined by pretreatment of animals with the α 7 nicotinic receptor (α 7 -nAChR) antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA). Results: CFA induced marked paw swelling and reduced thresholds of mechanical and cold-induced paw withdrawal. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-2 in the serum of AA rats were increased, whereas the level of IL-10 was decreased. Histopathological examination of synoviocytes showed pronounced inflammation and accumulation of collagen. The administration of CTX (17.0 µg/kg, ip) significantly reduced paw swelling and mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. CTX also reduced the production of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-2 but increased the production of IL-10 and altered pathohistological changes. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory efficacy of CTX was significantly reduced by MLA (3 mg/kg, sc). Conclusion: These results indicate that CTX has a beneficial effect on CFA-induced arthritis by modulating the production of inflammatory cytokines. α 7 -nAChR appears to mediate the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions of CTX.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of complete Freund's adjuvant-induced adjuvant arthritis by cobratoxin

et al. 2009

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“…IR has been used to study diseases in which skin temperature can reflect the presence of inflammation in underlying tissues, or those in which blood flow is increased or decreased because of a clinical abnormality 1,2 . It is widely known that animal venoms are capable of inducing localized reactions involving inflammation and pain 3 . One of the challenges that clinicians face when treating patients envenomed by venomous animals is a lack of suitable clinical tools for accurate assessment of the localized effects caused by different venoms in order to provide refined criteria for choosing the best therapeutic option, especially the most efficacious use of antivenom.…”

Section: Infrared Imaging (Ir) Is a Noninvasive Technique Thatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared thermography to diagnose and manage venomous animal bites and stings

Medeiros

Brioschi

Souza

et al. 2017

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: Infrared imaging (IR) is a noninvasive technique that quantifies body surface temperature, producing a digital color image. IR has been used to study diseases in which skin temperature can reflect the presence of inflammation. Methods: This was an observational pilot study of eight patients envenomed by snakes, spiders, and scorpions. All patients were examined using a thermal camera. Results: In all cases, we obtained infrared images that corroborated clinical findings indicating localized effects of venom, specifically inflammation. Conclusions: IR has potential for use as a research, diagnostic, and monitoring tool for localized effects of animal venoms.Keywords: Infrared thermography. Envenomation. Venomous animals. . IR has been used to study diseases in which skin temperature can reflect the presence of inflammation in underlying tissues, or those in which blood flow is increased or decreased because of a clinical abnormality Infrared imaging (IR) is a noninvasive technique thatIt is widely known that animal venoms are capable of inducing localized reactions involving inflammation and pain 3 . One of the challenges that clinicians face when treating patients envenomed by venomous animals is a lack of suitable clinical tools for accurate assessment of the localized effects caused by different venoms in order to provide refined criteria for choosing the best therapeutic option, especially the most efficacious use of antivenom. IR has great potential for use as such a clinical tool because it is a non-invasive method that has no biological side effects, requires no sedation or anesthesia, and can be repeated as desired for follow-ups 1,2. To the best of our knowledge, no study has investigated the use of IR with high-resolution thermograms for assessing the local effects of envenomation by venomous animals. The aim of this observational pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility of this new potential clinical application of IR for the diagnosis and management of venomous animal bites and stings.Eight patients envenomed by snakes (three cases), spiders (three cases), and scorpions (two cases) were studied. The study sample represents a convenience sample where a research investigator was present and the equipment was available. Only cases in which the causative animal was identified (Laboratório Especial de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil) were included.Infrared imaging examinations were conducted in compliance with international recommendations 2 by using a FLIR T650sc camera (FLIR Systems AB, Taby, Sweden). This infrared system has an image resolution of 640×480 pixels and thermal sensitivity of <20mK at 30ºC. The camera produced quantitative and qualitative temperature maps of surface temperature (thermograms), and results were analyzed using the rainbow palette, with white/red as hot and blue/black as cold. Image acquisition and storage was carried out with the Flir Tools ® software (V 5.3.15320.1002, 2015, FLIR Systems AB, Danderyd, Sweden). Emissivity of ...

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“…New applications for dendrimers open an exciting area for proteomics research that will provide a simple and effective alternative to currently available quantitative technologies. Snake venoms contain complex mixtures of secreted proteins belonging to many different classes such as neurotoxins, toxins, cardiotoxins, myotoxins, hemorrhagins, and disintegrins (17). These same proteins that cause tissue damage and trauma when animals or humans are envenomed are also of medical and pharmacological importance.…”

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confidence: 99%

Quantitative Analysis of Snake Venoms Using Soluble Polymer-based Isotope Labeling

Galán

Guo

Sánchez

et al. 2008

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics

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We present the design and synthesis of a new quantitative strategy termed soluble polymer-based isotope labeling (SoPIL) and its application as a novel and inclusive method for the identification and relative quantification of individual proteins in complex snake venoms. The SoPIL reagent selectively captures and isolates cysteine-containing peptides, and the subsequent tagged peptides are released and analyzed using nanoflow liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The SoPIL strategy was used to quantify venom proteins from two pairs of venomous snakes: Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus type A, C. scutulatus scutulatus type B, Crotalus oreganus helleri, and Bothrops colombiensis. The identification and accurate quantification of proteins in high throughput analysis are essential components of proteomics strategies for biomarker discovery and studying cellular functions and processes (1, 2). Although the technology to measure mRNA expression is more established, the measurement of differential protein expression provides a more direct, accurate, and versatile way to detect global changes in cellular dynamics in health and disease (3). Over the past several years, many quantitative techniques and strategies have been introduced and thoroughly examined. The traditional and frequently used method to investigate differential protein abundances on a large scale between samples from different sources is the staining of proteins separated by two-dimensional (2D) 1 PAGE. This method falls short in its reproducibility and its inability to detect low abundance and hydrophobic proteins (4). Recently label-free approaches primarily based on the use of LC and highly accurate mass spectrometers have been investigated (5, 6). These methods, however, rely heavily on computational software for data treatment.Stable isotopic labeling has remained the most popular method for quantitative proteomics. The introduction of stable isotopes has typically been carried out by (i) chemical derivatization of proteins or peptides, e.g. via the ICAT (7), isobaric tagging for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) (8), and isotope-coded protein labeling (9) methods; (ii) enzyme catalyzed labeling, e.g. proteolysis in heavy water incorporates 18 O into the newly generated carboxyl-terminal carboxyl groups (10); and (iii) metabolic labeling methods to incorporate isotopically labeled amino acid residues into proteins (stable isotope labeling using amino acids in cell culture (SI-LAC)) (11). ICAT is probably the best described chemical approach. Over the years, both advantages and disadvantages of ICAT have been recognized. Several variations and modifications of ICAT have been attempted to make it more practical and simpler, such as acid-cleavable ICAT reagents (12) and a solid phase based version (13). The adaptation of the solid phase capture and release process is a significant improvement, and the method obviates extra purification steps and has the potential for automation and high throughput experiments. A side-by-side comparison w...

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Pro and Antiinflammatory Properties of Toxins from Animal Venoms

Cited by 28 publications

References 248 publications

Suppression of complete Freund's adjuvant-induced adjuvant arthritis by cobratoxin

Suppression of complete Freund's adjuvant-induced adjuvant arthritis by cobratoxin

Infrared thermography to diagnose and manage venomous animal bites and stings

Quantitative Analysis of Snake Venoms Using Soluble Polymer-based Isotope Labeling

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