Pro-Angiogenic Effects of Natural Antioxidants Extracted from Mango Leaf, Olive Leaf and Red Grape Pomace over Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide, mainly triggered by the formation of atherosclerotic plaques that reduce blood flow. Angiogenic cell therapy based on endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) constitutes a promising alternative to promote vascular revascularization; however, under the oxidative environment that prevails in ischemic areas, these cells become impaired. Thus, it is necessary to investigate strategies to enhance their regenerative properties. Antioxidant substances, such as polyphenols, have been shown to be useful for this purpose. In the current study we evaluated the potential of mango leaves, olive leaves and red grape pomace extracts, rich in polyphenols, to promote ECFC reparative effects. For this, aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the aforementioned raw materials were obtained by pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). After evaluating the polyphenol content and the antioxidant activity, in vitro assays were carried out, and we found that ethanolic extracts at low concentrations improved angiogenic capacities of ECFCs and reduced proliferation, apoptosis, and the inflammatory response of these cells. Overall, mango leaves ethanolic extract provided the most promising results, but all three extracts ameliorated the functionality of ECFCs.

Promising Application of Grape Pomace and Its Agri-Food Valorization: Source of Bioactive Molecules with Beneficial Effects

“…However, ECFCs need to be pre-stimulated in vitro with antioxidant substances to enhance this ability. Recent studies have shown that anthocyanin -phenolic acid rich in grapes-promotes the pro-angiogenic effect of these cells [66] and that resveratrol enhances the angiogenesis of cord vein endothelial cells [67]. Moreover, resveratrol also induced the differentiation of vascular progenitor cells into endothelial cells critical for new vessel formation [66].…”

“…Recent studies have shown that anthocyanin -phenolic acid rich in grapes-promotes the pro-angiogenic effect of these cells [66] and that resveratrol enhances the angiogenesis of cord vein endothelial cells [67]. Moreover, resveratrol also induced the differentiation of vascular progenitor cells into endothelial cells critical for new vessel formation [66]. In addition to the pro-angiogenic effects induced by the bioactive compounds present in grape pomace, they could directly reduce atherosclerosis, as demonstrated by several experimental studies.…”

Functional, Physical, and Volatile Characterization of Chitosan/Starch Food Films Functionalized with Mango Leaf Extract

“…Second, the inert atmosphere generates supercritical CO 2 , which avoids the oxidation of compounds. Third, it promotes the extraction of lipidic and other low-polar compounds that can facilitate plasticizing effect in the film-forming process, and finally, the low temperature used in the process avoids the loss of bioactivity of the extracts [51]. Taking all these benefits into consideration, ESE was employed to obtain a high bioactive MLE.…”

Use of Winemaking By-Products for the Functionalization of Polylactic Acid for Biomedical Applications

“…In the biomedical field, in particular, GPEs have demonstrated their anti-platelet and cardioprotective effects [3][4][5]. Sánchez-Gomar and coworkers [6] found that ethanolic and aqueous GPEs had pro-angiogenic and anti-apoptotic properties over endothelial colony-forming cells. Furthermore, the antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic properties of GPEs on certain cancerous cells were noticed by Caponio and coworkers [7].…”