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An analysis of privacy policies of publicCOVID‐19 apps: Evidence from India

“…Poor design may discourage users from reading privacy policies altogether (Waldman, 2017, 2018) and users may end up making privacy choices that are not in their best interest. From the design perspective, we wanted to understand whether the information and communication in each privacy policy is concise, whether the privacy policy is easily accessible and clearly demarcated from all other non‐privacy related information.…”

“…Research has shown that, in practice, privacy policies are verbose, lengthy, purposefully vague and hence, difficult to read and understand (Cate, 2010; Gluck et al, 2016; Jensen & Potts, 2004), are not appealing to users enough to be read, often do not meet user privacy expectations (Reidenberg et al, 2015) and overall, do not really support rational decision making (McDonald & Cranor, 2008). They often contain legal or technical terms that users are not familiar with and the level of education needed to understand them is high (Milne et al, 2006; Reidenberg et al, 2015; Waldman, 2017, 2018). Even privacy experts may find them to be misleading (Reidenberg et al, 2015).…”

“…Even privacy experts may find them to be misleading (Reidenberg et al, 2015). Not only the content, but the design of privacy policies is also very crucial as poor design may discourage users from reading privacy policies altogether (Waldman, 2017, 2018). Sometimes, privacy policies may be designed to nudge users into revealing more personal data than necessary (Reidenberg et al, 2015).…”

“…With some exceptions, governments (as institutions) should generally not operate in secrecy and should ensure that their decisions and actions are transparent and auditable (Janssen & van den Hoven, 2015). When apps are open and upfront to users about what personal data they collect and process, for what purposes, how long these data will be stored and so on, they foster transparency and increase user control on their personal data by enabling them to decide whether to use a service and which service to use, rectify their data and give consent to any secondary uses of their information (Reidenberg et al, 2015; Waldman, 2017, 2018). A well‐designed privacy policy with appropriate content, following the Fair Information Practices (FIPS) principle of notice and choice is a common way to convey these information to users (Reidenberg et al, 2015).…”