Proactive Frequency Stability Scheme: A Distributed Framework Based on Particle Filters and Synchrophasors

Abstract

The reactive nature of traditional under-frequency load shedding schemes can lead to delayed response and unnecessary loss of load. This work presents a proactive framework for power system frequency stability. Bayesian filters and synchrophasors are leveraged to produce predictions after disturbances are detected. By being able to estimate the future state of frequency corrective actions can be taken before the system reaches a critical condition. This proactive approach makes it possible to optimize the response to a disturbance, which results in a decrease in the amount of compensation utilized. The framework is tested via Matlab simulations based on Kundur’s Two-Area System, and the IEEE 14-Bus System. Performance metrics are provided and evaluated against other contemporary solutions found in literature. During testing this framework outperformed other solutions by drastically reducing the amount of load dropped during compensation.

Microgrid Frequency Stability: A Proactive Scheme Based on Dynamic Predictions

“…In simulation based testing the method presented in this paper was able to stabilize the system while shedding 25% to 50% less load than the PCFbased technique. These results are consistent with the results obtained in [23].…”

“…Two advantages of the PF compared to other filtering techniques are that the PF is not limited to Gaussian distributions. The PF also offers inherit uncertainty quantification [23]. The PF estimates an underlying probability distribution via samples called particles.…”

“…The average first derivative of frequency is represented by f ′ , while the average second derivative of frequency is represented by f ′′ . Finally, t s represents the time window of the derivatives [23], [25].…”

Variable Reactance Criteria to Mitigate Voltage Deviations in Power Transformers in Light- and Over-Load Conditions

“…These causes may involve a reactive power imbalance with excessive reactive power levels within an AC grid [2]. Apart from this, significant load shedding can provoke over-voltages and may even imply voltage instability [3]. Furthermore, harmonics, resonances, switching operations and faults may lead to the amplification of voltage levels due to non-linear loads, power electronic devices, insulation failures or ground faults, among others [4][5][6].…”