This paper presents a new tutorial on the innovative methods and algorithms for solving the commonly used mathematical problems namely Least Common Multiple (LCM) and Greatest Common Divisor (GCD). Starting with the basic concepts, the tutorial takes the readers through various new techniques with step-by-step example implementations for both LCM and GCD. Appropriate pseudocodes for the proposed techniques based on iterative and Euclidean approaches are presented towards effective problem-solving. The pseudocodes presented are focused on using functions and customized to solve problems with larger size inputs and thereby facilitate scalability. A performance comparison study is also done to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed methods. This tutorial article provides a solid base for readers aspiring to master the art of problem-solving and programming with a systematic approach.