Proanthocyanidin as a cytogenetic protective agent against adverse effects of plant growth regulators supplementation in rats

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective role of grape seed extract (containing proanthocyandin) against the adverse effects of plant growth regulators (GA 3 (gibberellic acid) and IAA (indoleacetic acid)). The present data showed that the administration of either GA 3 and IAA caused undesirable changes in both hepatic and testicular structure. This was evidenced by a disturbed hepatic strands, pyknotic nuclei, central vein with collapsed endothelium, dilatation in bile sinusoids, congested blood vessel, binucleatd hepatocytes, lymphocytic infiltration, vacuolation, giant hepatic cells, increased Kupffer cells and karyoryxis. Additionally, it was shown that degenerative changes in the testis, spermatogenic arrest, moderate tubular necrosis, Leydig cell degeneration and reduction in the number and size of the seminiferous tubules with some spermatogonia detached from the basement membrane. Concerning flow cytometric study of the liver a significant decrease in G0/1 % and a significant increase in S phase %, G2/ M %, P 53 % and apoptosis % (sub G1) were detected. However, in testis the data recorded a significant decrease in the percentage of mature sperm (percentage of haploid cells) and a significant increase in the percentage of spermatide, diploid cells, P 53 and of apoptotic cells. On the other hand, a distinct recovery of the mentioned hepatic and testicular histopathological and cytogenetic disorders was observed when proanthocyanidin was supplemented to rats administered either of the plant growth hormones (GA 3 and IAA).

Synthesis and effect of a new Terbium gibberellic complex on the histopathological alteration induced by Gibberellic acid on liver and kidney of mice Mus musculus

“…[63] Therefore, the imbalance between the production of free radicals and the antioxidant defense system was observed. [62,[65][66][67][68] In the same token, Gibberellic acid causes hepatotoxicity and increases liver enzymes marker that indicates cellular leakage, loss function of hepatocyte cell membrane and increases the permeability of enzymes to plasma from tissues. [62,[65][66][67][68] In the same token, Gibberellic acid causes hepatotoxicity and increases liver enzymes marker that indicates cellular leakage, loss function of hepatocyte cell membrane and increases the permeability of enzymes to plasma from tissues.…”

“…[13,66] Toxicity of Gibberellic acid to the kidney was pronounced in this study that was parallel with results of [71] who confirm increase in the biomarker indicators for kidney function that attributed to cellular leakage and loss function F I G U R E 9 Photomicrograph of control kidney section immunostained with cytochrome C that expressed in the glomerulus and in basement membranes of some tubules (a). [67,68,72] Many complexes of lanthanide showed promising activities in preventing tumor growth that based on the design, a novel and more efficient therapeutic reagent depends on the DNA interaction with small molecules, causing the change in the sequences of DNA and hinders the growth of the tumor cells. GA-Tb complex-treated group showed improvement in the expression (c).…”

“…[64] The histological damage of livers and kidneys that observed in Gibberellic acid-treated group (II) was supported by previous findings. [62,[65][66][67][68] In the same token, Gibberellic acid causes hepatotoxicity and increases liver enzymes marker that indicates cellular leakage, loss function of hepatocyte cell membrane and increases the permeability of enzymes to plasma from tissues. [13,65,69,70] Also, Gibberellic acid treatment causes decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities.…”

“…Gibberellic acid complex with Terbium-treated group disclosed amelioration in the toxicity of gibberellic acid that might be similar to some attempts to countereffect the toxicity of Gibberellic acid as using phycocyanin and proanthocyanidin through their ability as a scavenger of oxygen radicals or antioxidant properties. [67,68,72] Many complexes of lanthanide showed promising activities in preventing tumor growth that based on the design, a novel and more efficient therapeutic reagent depends on the DNA interaction with small molecules, causing the change in the sequences of DNA and hinders the growth of the tumor cells. [73,74] In the same scenario, lanthanide complexes have antioxidant ability to scavenge hydroxyl radical, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and superoxide radical.…”

Oxidative stress burden inhibits spermatogenesis in adult male rats: testosterone protective effect

“…Briefly, MTX was administered as a single dose (2 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) on three consecutive days for a total period of five weeks. The control group (CTL) received no treatment (NT; normal saline by oral gavage), or one of the potential protective agents, LET (Sigma, Egypt; 0.5 mg/kg/day, oral gavage; n = 7) (Buzdar et al 2002; de and de Jong 2011; Kafali et al 2004), GSE (commercially available; 50 mg/ kg/day, oral gavage; n = 7) (Cetin et al 2008;Hassan et al 2014), or Tp (Sigma, Egypt; 100 µg/kg/day, subcutaneous; n = 6) (Verjans et al 1975)) without MTX. The MTX-model groups received MTX alone (n = 6), a combination of MTX + LET (n = 7; experiment 1), MTX + GSE (n = 6; experiment 1), or MTX + Tp (n = 6; experiment 2; Supplementary Table S2).…”