Proanthocyanidins Alleviates AflatoxinB1-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis through Mitochondrial Pathway in the Bursa of Fabricius of Broilers

Abstract

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a serious threat to the poultry industry. Proanthocyanidins (PCs) demonstrates a broad range of biological, pharmacological, therapeutic, and chemoprotective properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the ameliorative effects of PCs against AFB1-induced histopathology, oxidative stress, and apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway in the bursa of Fabricius (BF) of broilers. One hundred forty-four one-day old Cobb chicks were randomly assigned into four treatment groups of six replicates (6 birds each replicate) for 28 days. Groups were fed on the following four diets; (1) Basal diet without addition of PCs or AFB1 (Control); (2) basal diet supplemented with 1 mg/kg AFB1 from contaminated corn (AFB1); (3) basal diet supplemented with 250 mg/kg PCs (PCs); and (4) basal diet supplemented with 1 mg/kg AFB1 + 250 mg/kg PCs (AFB1+ PCs). The present study results showed that antioxidant enzymes activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in AFB1 treated group were (p < 0.05) decreased, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were significantly increased in comparison with the control group. Furthermore, we found that dietary PCs treatment ameliorated AFB1-induced oxidative stress in the BF through inhibiting the accumulation of MDA content and enhancing the antioxidant enzymes activities (T-SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and GST). Similarly, PCs markedly enhanced messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of antioxidant genes (SOD, CAT, GPx1, and GST) in comparison with AFB1 group. Moreover, histological results showed that PCs alleviated AFB1-induced apoptotic cells in the BF of broilers. In addition, both mRNA and protein expression results manifested that mitochondrial-apoptosis-associated genes (Bax, caspase-9, caspase-3, and p53 and cytochrome c) showed up-regulation, while (Bcl-2) showed down-regulation in AFB1 fed group. The supplementation of PCs to AFB1 diet significantly reversed the mRNA and protein expression of these apoptosis-associated genes, as compared to the AFB1 group. Our results demonstrated that PCs ameliorated AFB1-induced oxidative stress by modulating the antioxidant defense system and apoptosis in the BF through mitochondrial pathway in broilers.

Penthorum chinense Pursh Compound Ameliorates AFB1-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis via Modulation of Mitochondrial Pathways in Broiler Chicken Kidneys

“…AFB1 inhibited the transcription of BCL2 in the kidney tissues of broilers and promoted the transcription of P53, BAX, BAK1, CYC, CASP9, and CASP3, and induced kidney cell apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. These findings indicate that AFB1 may activate the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway (57). However, PCPC treatment inhibited the overexpression of P53, BAX, BAK, CYC, CASP9, and CASP3 induced by AFB1, whereas upregulation of BCL2 was observed.…”

Luteolin Alleviates AflatoxinB1-Induced Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in the Liver of Mice through Activation of Nrf2 Signaling Pathway

“…The 10% tissue homogenates were prepared from collected liver samples following our previously reported procedure [ 6 ]. The bicinchoninic acid determination kit was used to measure the protein concentration of tissue homogenate.…”

“…Currently, approximately 4.5 billion people are in danger of being exposed to aflatoxins, which cause 4.6–28.2% of all occurrences of hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide [ 4 , 5 ]. Aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) is the most potent liver carcinogen among the aflatoxins, and it has been categorized as a Class I carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) [ 6 ]. Additionally, AFB 1 is reported to cause severe health issues, including growth retardation, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, teratogenicity, mutagenicity and immunotoxicity in humans and animals [ 7 , 8 , 9 ].…”

Mimosa tenuiflora Aqueous Extract: Role of Condensed Tannins in Anti-Aflatoxin B1 Activity in Aspergillus flavus

“…It was also demonstrated that detannin-caffeinated coffee is significantly more sensitive to aflatoxin contamination than regular coffee [56]. More recently, it has also been demonstrated that some condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins) could alleviate AFB1-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in broilers [57]. In fact, AFB1 and some of its metabolic precursors, such as norsolorinic acid and versicolorins, are highly oxygenated molecules and thus are subjected to redox regulation [58].…”