Proanthocyanidins and Flavan-3-ols in the Prevention and Treatment of Periodontitis - Antibacterial Effects.

Nawrot-Hadzik, Izabela; Matkowski, Adam; Hadzik, Jakub; Dobrowolska-Czopor, Barbara; Olchowy, Cyprian; Dominiak, Marzena; Kubasiewicz−Ross, Paweł

doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0499.v1

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Search strategy, as well as inclusion, exclusion criteria, and data organization are described in our previous review [ 1 ], in which the antimicrobial activity of proanthocyanidins and flavan-3-ols in the prevention and treatment of periodontitis is discussed. In brief, a systematic review in compliance to PRISMA guidelines was performed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, 31 studies were reviewed in [ 1 ] (antibacterial effects) and 50 studies are included in the present paper ( Figure 2 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Flowchart of the article search strategy, exclusion criteria, study selection, and data management process. Of all 65 considered references, 50 are reviewed in this paper and 31 in [ 1 ], of which 16 references are included in both reviews. …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the previous paper, we demonstrated that both free flavan-3-ols and oligomeric proanthocyanidins are very promising constituents for combating various bacteria involved in periodontitis pathogenesis [ 1 ]. Here, using the same systematic approach, we have selected and discussed the recent data on anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating activities of these compounds, including in vivo models and clinical studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proanthocyanidins and Flavan-3-ols in the Prevention and Treatment of Periodontitis—Immunomodulatory Effects, Animal and Clinical Studies

et al. 2021

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This paper continues the systematic review on proanthocyanidins and flavan-3-ols in the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease and covers the immunomodulatory effects, and animal- and clinical studies, while the other part discussed the direct antibacterial properties. Inflammation as a major response of the periodontal tissues attacked by pathogenic microbes can significantly exacerbate the condition. However, the bidirectional activity of phytochemicals that simultaneously inhibit bacterial proliferation and proinflammatory signaling can provide a substantial alleviation of both cause and symptoms. The modulatory effects on various aspects of inflammatory and overall immune response are covered, including confirmed and postulated mechanisms of action, structure activity relationships and molecular targets. Further, the clinical relevance of flavan-3-ols and available outcomes from clinical studies is analyzed and discussed. Among the numerous natural sources of flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidins the most promising are, similarly to antibacterial properties, constituents of various foods, such as fruits of Vaccinium species, tea leaves, grape seeds, and tannin-rich medicinal herbs. Despite a vast amount of in vitro and cell-based evidence of immunomodulatory there are still only a few animal and clinical studies. Most of the reports, regardless of the used model, indicated the efficiency of these phytochemicals from cranberries and other Vaccinium species and tea extracts (green or black). Other sources such as grape seeds and traditional medicinal plants, were seldom. In conclusion, the potential of flavan-3-ols and their derivatives in prevention and alleviation of periodontal disease is remarkable but clinical evidence is urgently needed for issuing credible dietary recommendation and complementary treatments.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, 31 studies were reviewed in [ 1 ] (antibacterial effects) and 50 studies are included in the present paper ( Figure 2 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proanthocyanidins and Flavan-3-ols in the Prevention and Treatment of Periodontitis—Immunomodulatory Effects, Animal and Clinical Studies

et al. 2021

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“…[19][20][21][22] In addition, they display a significant antibacterial activity. 23 In the present study, we have described functional bioassays of five proanthocyanidin compounds, procyanid B2 (PB2), procyanid C1 (PC1), cinnamtannin A2 (CA2), cinnamtannin B1 (CB1), and cinnamtannin D1 (CD1) (Figure 2), performed to investigate their inhibitory activity against DXR. Based on these results, we have discussed the structure-activity relationships of these compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory Activity of Proanthocyanidins Against Escherichia coli 1-Deoxy-D-Xylulose-5-Phosphate Reductoisomerase

Xian

Zhu

et al. 2021

Natural Product Communications

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1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) is a key enzyme in the methylerythritol phosphate pathway for terpenoid biosynthesis. Furthermore, it is an ideal target for the screening of novel antibiotics because it is present in causative organisms, but absent from humans. To identify more lipophilic DXR inhibitors from natural resources, we tested the DXR inhibitory activity of five proanthocyanidins in this study. The results indicated that all these compounds specifically restrained the activity of DXR, with procyanid B2 exhibiting a relatively low effect against DXR (IC50 ∼ 305 μM) and procyanid C1 displaying moderate activity (IC50 75.1 μM). The other three compounds cinnamtannin A2, cinnamtannin B1, and cinnamtannin D1 (IC50 ∼ 89.3, 105.0, and 97.8 μM, respectively) showed DXR inhibitory effects that were slightly weaker than that of procyanid C1. In addition, based on the initial characterization, the structure–activity relationship of this series of compounds against DXR is discussed.

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Antibiofilm activity of phytochemicals against Enterococcus faecalis: A literature review

Ali

Neelakantan

2022

Phytotherapy Research

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Enterococcus faecalis is a leading causative pathogen of recalcitrant infections affecting heart valves, urinary tract, surgical wounds and dental root canals. Its robust biofilm formation, production of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance contribute significantly to its pathogenicity in persistent infections. The decreased effectiveness of most of antibiotics in preventing and/or eradicating E. faecalis biofilms mandates the discovery of alternative novel antibiofilm agents. Phytochemicals are potential sources of antibiofilm agents due to their antivirulence activity, diversity of chemical structure and multiple mechanisms of action. In this review, we describe the phenotypic and genetic attributes that contribute to antimicrobial tolerance of E. faecalis biofilms. We illuminate the benefits of implementing the phytochemicals to tackle microbial pathogens. Finally, we report the antibiofilm activity of phytochemicals against E. faecalis, and explain their mechanisms of action. These compounds belong to different chemical classes such as terpenes, phenylpropenes, flavonoids, curcuminoids and alkaloids. They demonstrate the ability to inhibit the formation of and/or eradicate E. faecalis biofilms. However, the exact mechanisms of action of most of these compounds are not fully understood. Therefore, the future studies should elucidate the underlying mechanisms in detail.

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Proanthocyanidins and Flavan-3-ols in the Prevention and Treatment of Periodontitis - Antibacterial Effects.

Cited by 3 publications

References 36 publications

Proanthocyanidins and Flavan-3-ols in the Prevention and Treatment of Periodontitis—Immunomodulatory Effects, Animal and Clinical Studies

Proanthocyanidins and Flavan-3-ols in the Prevention and Treatment of Periodontitis—Immunomodulatory Effects, Animal and Clinical Studies

Inhibitory Activity of Proanthocyanidins Against Escherichia coli 1-Deoxy-D-Xylulose-5-Phosphate Reductoisomerase

Antibiofilm activity of phytochemicals against Enterococcus faecalis: A literature review

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