Proanthocyanin‐Capped Biogenic TiO₂ Nanoparticles with Enhanced Penetration, Antibacterial and ROS Mediated Inhibition of Bacteria Proliferation and Biofilm Formation: A Comparative Approach

Abstract

Biofunctionalized TiO 2 nanoparticles with as ize range of 18.42 AE 1.3 nm were synthesized in asingle-step approach employing Grape seed extract (GSE) proanthocyanin (PAC) polyphenols. The effect of PACs rich GSE coronaw as examined with respectt o1)the stability and dispersity of as-synthesized GSE-TiO 2-NPs, 2) their antiproliferativeand antibiofilm efficacy,a nd 3) their propensity fori nternalization and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in urinary tract infections (UTIs) causing Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Gram-positive Staphylococcus saprophyticus strains. State-of-the-artt echniques were used to validate GSE-TiO 2-NPs formation. Comparative Fouriert ransformed infrared (FTIR) spectral analysisd emonstratedt hat PACs linked functional-OH groups likely play ac entral role in Ti 4 + reduction and nucleation to GSE-TiO 2-NPs, while formingathin, soft coronaa roundn ascent NPs to attribute significantly enhanced stabilitya nd dispersity.T ransmission electron microscopic (TEM) and inductively coupled plasma mass-spectroscopy (ICP-MS) analyses confirmed there was significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced intracellular uptake of GSE-TiO 2-NPs in both Gram-negativea nd-positive test uropathogens as compared to bare TiO 2-NPs. Correspondingly,c ompared to bare NPs, GSE-TiO 2-NPs induced intracellular ROS formation that corresponded well with dose-dependenti nhibitoryp atterns of cell proliferation and biofilm formation in both the tested strains.O verall,t his study demonstrates that-OH rich PACs of GSE corona on biogenic TiO 2-NPs maximized the functional stability, dispersity and propensity of penetration into planktonic cells and biofilm matrices. Such unique merits warrant the use of GSE-TiO 2-NPs as an ovel,f unctionally stable and efficient antibacterial nano-formulation to combat the menace of UTIs in clinicalsettings.

Enhanced Antibacterial and Anti-Biofilm Activities of Antimicrobial Peptides Modified Silver Nanoparticles

“… 56 The structural difference in cell walls of bacteria is the combination of biological layer and peptidoglycan layer, phospholipid layer, lipopolysaccharide layer and peptidoglycan layer respectively. 57 The researchers found that the AgNPs adhere stably to the bacterial cell wall and penetrate the bacteria, inducing cell death by destroying the cell membrane. 58…”

“…layer and peptidoglycan layer respectively. 57 The researchers found that the AgNPs adhere stably to the bacterial cell wall and penetrate the bacteria, inducing cell death by destroying the cell membrane. 58 The MIC is often used as a significant indicator of antibacterial efficacy.…”

Biofabricated Fatty Acids-Capped Silver Nanoparticles as Potential Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antibiofilm and Anticancer Agents

“…The growing pursuits in metal-based nanomaterials synthesis are hotly debated in several fields while acknowledging their unique physico-chemical and biomedical properties with specific advocacy for fitness in clinical settings as fascinating treatment modality, worldwide [1]. Considering that there is a wide scope to achieve desired properties in synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) including shape, size and stability by manipulating reaction conditions such as pH, temperature, concentration of metal precursors and concentration and nature of bio-reducing agents [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Besides, surface capping or encapsulation material of NPs deserves special importance due to being directly or indirectly concerned with limiting toxicity and cations release, affinities towards miscellaneous components of immediate environment, and cells surface, enhanced dispersity and prolonged stability and enhanced internalization propensity in several cells [5,9].…”

Counteraction of Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Potential of Terminalia catappa Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles against Candida albicans and Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria

“…Such nanoscale fabrication of organic, inorganic, metallic, and biological structures is generally done by following either bottom-up or top-down approaches. In modern times, green approaches for NPs synthesis have gained immense interest due to its eco-friendly processing and low-cost input [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Furthermore, NPs derived from various plant extracts contain a variety of indigenous bio-active molecules such as polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, sugars, proteins, and enzymes that act as reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents.…”