Probabilistic Approach to Integrate Photovoltaic Generation into PEVs Charging Stations Considering Technical, Economic and Environmental Aspects

Abstract

This paper investigates the integration of a photovoltaic system into plug-in electric vehicles charging stations in a university campus building located in Belem, Brazil, considering technical, economic, and environmental impacts in a probabilistic approach. Monte Carlo method is implemented to probabilistically estimate output variables, representing uncertainties from input data such as solar generation, vehicles demand and building load. Simulations are based on local irradiance data and electricity demand measurements collected by a local monitoring system installed in the building. The analysis comprehends a study time horizon of 10 years and evaluates transformer load and voltage level, carbon emissions avoided, and the financial feasibility of the project. Results show the connection of a PV system with penetration level of 15.6% can significantly reduce transformer overload occurrence by 69% and decrease overload duration time on average from 4 to 1 h at 10th year. PV system can reduce PEV CO2 emission by 97.4% on average compared with internal combustion engine vehicles. From a financial perspective, the project is feasible and economically attractive with a payback time that ranges from 6 to 8 years, being an attractive solution to the Amazon region to support a cleaner energy matrix.

Electric Vehicles Charging Management System for Optimal Exploitation of Photovoltaic Energy Sources Considering Vehicle-to-Vehicle Mode

“…Based on the statistical analysis carried out in (Lo Franco et al, 2020), a Weibull function having K 1.7 and λ 37.5 is used for modeling the daily traveled distance. A similar statistical approach has been discussed in (Ul-Haq et al, 2018;Bernards et al, 2020;Branco and Affonso, 2020). Figure 3A shows the distribution of the distance D(d k ) considering a population of 100-vehicles, estimated on seven different days.…”

Integration of a Pilot PV Parking Lot and an Electric Vehicle in a University Campus Located in Curitiba: a Study Case

“…The transport sector is a major user of fossil fuel, increasing greenhouse gas emission and the global warming. In 2019, the transport sector produced 8.2 Gt of CO2 emission, representing 24% of direct emissions from fuel combustion [2,3]. Due to the necessity to reduce air pollution, the number of electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) has been continuously increasing in the last years, as well as the use of renewable energy sources.…”

“…Due to the necessity to reduce air pollution, the number of electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) has been continuously increasing in the last years, as well as the use of renewable energy sources. In 2019, the global stock of electric cars reached 7.2 million and the number of charging points worldwide were approximately 7.3 million, representing an increase of 60% from the previous year [3,4]. In this same year, the global renewable energy installed capacity had its highest increase and grew 200 GW, in which more than 50% were from photovoltaic generation [5].…”

“…In this scenario, the integration of photovoltaic (PV) generation into EVs and PEVs charging station infrastructure can be a possible solution to properly integrate them on grid and reduce their negative impacts. It could reduce carbon emission and system peak demand, avoiding transformer overload condition [3].…”

“…The output power of photovoltaic generation may have diurnal and seasonal fluctuations and electric vehicles demand also have an uncertain pattern, which varies with drivers' behavior and preferences. Due to the difficulty in supply-demand matching, this problem must be modeled based on stochastic approach exploring different scenarios to account these variabilities [3] and although the electric mobility and the deployment of its charging infrastructure has been widely studied [13,14], no studies have focused on planning the charging facilities in existent public car parks based on real mobility patterns, which is essential to enable a correct public investment plan; in order to drive penetration of electric mobility [13,15]. This paper aims to assess the integration of a carport system with an electric vehicle in a university campus building located in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.…”