“…These algorithms require a minimum time to optimize the design parameters of any complex engineering problem when compared with the conventional optimization techniques. Simulated annealing, tabu search, genetic algorithm, PSO, ant‐directed hybrid differential evolution, bacteria foraging algorithm, honey‐bee colony algorithm, harmony search algorithm, cuckoo algorithm, chaotic–teaching‐learning methods, grey wolf algorithm, bat algorithm, water cycle algorithm, backtracking search algorithm, gradient‐based metaheuristic algorithm, whale optimization algorithm, gravitational search agorithm, and minimax polynomial approximation using PSO‐based PSS design techniques are developed by many researchers from the last few years. Though several methods are developed, optimal design of PSS for the highly nonlinear multi‐machine interconnected power system operating at different loading conditions is still essential for robust operation.…”