“…Models of social preferences have also recently incorporated a dislike for unequal chances, usually referred to as a concern for ex ante or procedural fairness (Karni and Safra, 2002;Bolton et al, 2005;Trautmann, 2009;Krawczyk, 2011;Saito, 2013). A number of laboratory experiments have lent empirical support to the notion that individuals take into consideration the fairness of chances when making distributive decisions (Bolton et al, 2005;Karni et al, 2008;Krawczyk and Le Lec, 2010;Krawczyk, 2010;Brock et al, 2013;Cappelen et al, 2013;Andreoni et al, 2016;Grimalda et al, 2016;Trautmann and van de Kuilen, 2016;Cettolin and Riedl, 2016;Miao and Zhong, 2018). However, how ex ante chances influence the labor decisions of workers has not been investigated.…”