Probability of occurrence of planetary ionosphere storms associated with the magnetosphere disturbance storm time events

Abstract

Abstract. The ionospheric W index allows to distinguish state of the ionosphere and plasmasphere from quiet conditions (W = 0 or ±1) to intense storm (W = ±4) ranging the plasma density enhancements (positive phase) or plasma density depletions (negative phase) regarding the quiet ionosphere. The global W index maps are produced for a period 1999-2014 from Global Ionospheric Maps of Total Electron Content, GIM-TEC, designed by Jet Propulson Laboratory, converted from geographic frame (−87.5:2.5:87.5 • in latitude, −180:5:180 • in longitude) to geomagnetic frame (−85:5:85 • in magnetic latitude, −180:5:180 • in magnetic longitude). The probability of occurrence of planetary ionosphere storm during the magnetic disturbance storm time, Dst, event is evaluated with the superposed epoch analysis for 77 intense storms (Dst ≤ −100 nT) and 230 moderate storms (−100 < Dst ≤ −50 nT) with start time, t 0 , defined at Dst storm main phase onset. It is found that the intensity of negative storm, iW − , exceeds the intensity of positive storm, iW + , by 1.5-2 times. An empirical formula of iW + and iW − in terms of peak Dst is deduced exhibiting an opposite trends of relation of intensity of ionosphere-plasmasphere storm with regard to intensity of Dst storm.

Association of ionospheric storms and substorms of Global Electron Content with proxy AE index

“…Criteria for construction of catalogues of the positive and negative ionosphere storms and substorms (PAr, NAr, PAn, and NAn) in the North (Arctic) and South (Antarctic) zones are provided in Gulyaeva et al (2015). The ionosphere storm lists are prepared based on planetary storm index Wp as described in Stanislawska (2008, 2010) and used in Gulyaeva et al (2013Gulyaeva et al ( , 2014 as an ionospheric storm indicator. Since there are different kinds of geomagnetic storms, the effects of ionospheric disturbance can exhibit different types of variability on geomagnetic indices (Prö lss, 1993;Saba et al, 1997;Fuller-Rowell et al, 1997;Zhao et al, 2007;Malik et al, 2010;Gulyaeva et al, 2014).…”

“…near 100 km above the Earth, namely AE = AU -AL being a span between the eastward (AU) and westward (AL) electrojects in the ionospheric E-layer. While the physical meaning of AE has been under debate (Kamide and Rostoker, 2004), a relationship between the injection of particles to auroral cusp zones by the geomagnetic storms and reaction due to these activities has been observed in various geomagnetic indices (Liu et al, 2011;Buonsanto, 1999;Stanislawska, 2008, Gulyaeva andStanislawska 2010;Gulyaeva et al, 2014). According to the studies in the literature, when high-speed solar wind interacts with the magnetosphere, the Auroral Electrojet (AE) index increases sharply due to global ionospheric electric fields, which in turn can generate strong internal gravity waves propagating from high to lower latitudes (Hajkowicz, 1999;Deminova et al, 1998;Bowman and Mortimer, 2010).…”

Ionospheric Weather During Five Extreme Geomagnetic Superstorms Since IGY Deduced With the Instantaneous Global Maps GIM‐foF2

“…The delayed correlation between two variables, C X/Y (Δt) corresponds to the correlation coefficient between the variable Y(t + Δt) and the variable X(t). Similar approach has been used by (Gulyaeva et al, 2014;Liu et al, 2010) in investigation of time delay of the ionospheric TEC responses to geomagnetic disturbances.…”

Near-real-time VTEC maps: New contribution for Latin America Space Weather

“…where VTEC med is the quiet reference 27-days-running median prior to the epoch of observation (Gulyaeva et al, 2014(Gulyaeva et al, , 2013. Therefore, from DEV(VTEC) the W-index is defined as a measure of the ionosphere-plasmasphere state, and it could be computed at each point of a regular grid (Table 4).…”

“…VTEC maps are usually combined in order to obtain ionospheric indexes, which in turn are designed to provide information about variations in the ionosphere-plasmasphere. In particular, the W-index is defined as the logarithm of the ratio of the current value of VTEC, at a particular location, to the quiet background values VTEC med (Gulyaeva et al, 2014(Gulyaeva et al, , 2013.…”