Probable Trichomonas vaginalis Epididymitis

Amar, Arjan D.

doi:10.1001/jama.1967.03120180105025

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…It is considered a rare cause of epididymitis. 12 Only symptomatic men of black African or Caribbean ethnicity were tested for TV NAAT in our clinics due to higher prevalence of TV than other ethnic groups. 13 TV was reported to be associated with 10% of infective epididymo-orchitis in another Ukrainian study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epididymitis and its aetiologies in a central London sexual health clinic

et al. 2020

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Epididymitis is a common cause of scrotal pain presentation in sexual health clinics; however, it is unclear what fraction is attributable to transmissible infections. We, therefore, reviewed the aetiologies causing epididymitis. A retrospective data analysis of all cases of epididymitis diagnosed from January 2018 to December 2018 in three sexual health clinics was conducted, collecting demographics, results, management and symptom resolution at two weeks follow up. A total of 127 cases of epididymitis (mean age 32 years, heterosexual 97, MSM 30) were included. Among them 14 cases (11%) were caused by sexual transmitted infections (<35 years n = 9; >35 years n = 5): seven cases of chlamydia, six gonorrhoea, one syphilis and one trichomonas vaginalis. There were three cases of urinary tract infection diagnosed. All cases were treated with antibiotics recommended by the British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH). At two weeks follow up post-treatment 10 (7%) were symptomatic; 91% did not attend for follow up. Sexually transmitted infections were associated with acute epididymitis in 11% of this study cohort.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epididymitis and its aetiologies in a central London sexual health clinic

et al. 2020

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“…More recently, Amar (1967) has reported three cases of what he calls, with necessary caution, "probable Trichomonas vaginalis epididymnitis". Two such cases have been seen in our Department:…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epididymitis due to Trichomonas vaginalis.

Fisher¹,

Morton²

1969

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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In a recent analysis of 75 cases of non-gonococcal epididymitis, Fowler (personal communication) found no causative organism in 52 (69 per cent.).Mittemeyer, Lennox, and Borski (1966) culture of another portion of this centrifuged urine deposit failed to reveal gonococci and culture of a fresh mid-stream specimen of urine was bacteriologically sterile.Therapy A 7-day course of metronidazole 200 mg. three times a day was ordered and the penicillin therapy was continued.After 4 days there was a very slight mucoid urethral discharge but the urine was macroscopically clear. Stained smears, wet films, and cultures of urethral material and of urine for gonococci and T. vaginalis gave negative results.After a further 4 days the findings were unchanged and a mid-stream specimen of urine was reported as being normal. The chest X ray, haemoglobin, white cell count, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were also normal. 3 weeks later the epididymitis had almost resolved and examination of the centrifuged urine showed no T. vaginalis.Result When last seen, about 5 weeks after the initial visit, the patient was asymptomatic and had no abnormal signs apart from a fibrosed lower pole of the left epididymis. Unfortunately his transfer to one of H.M. Prisons prevented further follow-up.Contact Tracing His girl-friend was seen at a neighbouring clinic; she was found to have both gonorrhoea and trichomonal vaginitis. DiscussionThere is very little in the literature about epididymitis due to T. vaginalis. Liston and Lees (1940) recommended searches for the parasite in cases of epididymitis of unknown aetiology and described one case similar to the one presented here. Coutts, Vargas-Salazar, Silva-Inzunza, Olmedo, and Turteltaur (1955)

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“…Moreover, infertility of men presenting with T. vaginalis testicular infections has been described in association with low serum testosterone, as a consequence of atrophic testes associated with low sperm concentration and loss of motility, or azoospermia due to T. vaginalis cytotoxicity [ 234 , 235 ]. Amar also reported cases of epididymitis characterized by swollen and tender epididymis as well as thickened vas deferens [ 233 ]. Another case report described the presence of T. vaginalis in epididymal aspirates associated with azoospermia resulting from a maturation arrest at the spermatocyte level in both testes [ 236 ].…”

Section: Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Lower sperm concentration and motility [229] • Anti-sperm antibodies [230] Trichomonas vaginalis • Urethra [231] • Prostate [231][232][233] • Testis [234,235] • Epididymis [233,236] • Urethritis [231] • Prostatitis [231][232][233] • Orchitis [234] • Atrophic testes [234,235] • Epididymitis [233,236] • Low serum testosterone [234,235] • Hypogonadism and oligoasthenoteratozoospermia [234] • Azoospermia [235,236] • Decreased spermatozoa motility and morphological alterations [237] Trypanosoma brucei • No direct organ infection described • Atrophy of seminiferous tubules [238] • Reduction of testicular volume [239] • Testicular hypogonadism [240,241] • Lower testosterone plasma levels [240][241][242] • Impotency [239,[241][242][243] Trypanosoma cruzi…”

Section: Infected Genital Organs Damage To Genital Tract Organs Cause...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trichomonas vaginalis is the etiological agent of trichomoniasis, the sexually transmitted infection with the most elevated number of new infections worldwide (156 million in 2020) [2]. Although historically associated with non-gonococcal urethritis, the presence of T. vaginalis has been demonstrated in various parts of the male genital tract [231][232][233][234][235][236]. Most of the time, trichomoniasis is asymptomatic in men, which is quite problematic as a study showed that the physical characteristics of the seminal fluid was significantly altered in infected men compared to healthy individuals as was the morphology and motility of sperm cells [237].…”

Section: Trichomonas Vaginalismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viruses, bacteria and parasites: infection of the male genital tract and fertility

Guiton

Drevet

2023

Basic Clin. Androl.

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Background Infertility affects one couple out of six worldwide. Male infertilty can result from congenital or acquired factors, of which pathogens that reach the genital tract through sexual contact or blood dissemination. The impact of major viral, bacterial and parasitic infections on the male genital tract and fertility has been summarized. Results and conclusions A systematic review of articles published in the Google Scholar and PubMed databases was conducted. It turns out that viruses, as well as bacteria and parasites are major inducers of male genital tract infections and ensuing infertility through damage to the organs and subsequent loss of function and/or through direct damage to the sperm cells. Moreover, not only male infertility results from such infections but these can also be transmitted to women and even to the offspring, thus highlighting the need to efficiently detect, treat and prevent them.

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Probable Trichomonas vaginalis Epididymitis

Cited by 13 publications

References 1 publication

Epididymitis and its aetiologies in a central London sexual health clinic

Epididymitis and its aetiologies in a central London sexual health clinic

Epididymitis due to Trichomonas vaginalis.

Viruses, bacteria and parasites: infection of the male genital tract and fertility

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