“…But, beyond recognizing probation's late-modern reconfiguration as a method of managing risk and protecting the public, rather than as a means of restoring lost or errant fellow-citizens, Garland has relatively little to say about probation's precise place in and relationship with the 'culture of control'. Several others have undertaken valuable empirical work exploring how probation has adapted to political, social and technological changes (for example, Lynch 1998Lynch , 2000Robinson, 2002;McNeill et al, 2009;Deering, 2011;Werth, 2013; Worrall and Mawby 2013), but none have examined the inter-relationships between probation's cultural contexts, forms and functions. This paper's attempt to offer an original contribution to the sociology of punishment (and more specifically to a still nascent sociology of probation) therefore has two interdependent aspects.…”