Probing dark matter and dark energy through gravitational time advancement

Abstract

The expression of gravitational time advancement (negative time delay) for particles with non-zero mass in Schwarzschild geometry has been obtained. The influences of the gravitational field that describes the observed rotation curves of spiral galaxies and that of dark energy (in the form of cosmological constant) on time advancement of particles have also been studied. The present findings suggest that in presence of dark matter gravitational field the time advancement may take place irrespective of gravitational field of the observer, unlike the case of pure Schwarzschild geometry where gravitational time advancement takes place only when the observer is situated at stronger gravitational field compare to the gravitational field encountered by the particle during its journey. When applied to the well known case of SN 1987a, it is found that the net time delay of a photon/gravitational wave is much smaller than quoted in the literature. In the presence of dark matter field, the photon and neutrinos from SN 1987a should have been suffered gravitational time advancement rather than the delay.

On the Possibility of Observing Negative Shapiro-like Delay Using Michelson–Morley-Type Experiments

“…To date, in all efforts to detect gravitational time delay, the observers were assumed to be located in the weak field of the central gravitating object, and as a result the time delay was found to be positive in these cases [19,25]. If gravitational time advancement is confirmed experimentally, it may be employed, at least in principle, as a tool to examine different gravitational phenomena such as to probe dark matter and dark energy [23,26] or to distinguish the Gravity Rainbow (photons of different energies experiencing different levels of gravity) from pure GR effects [27]. The time advancement effect has been recently studied in the context of Lorentz violating Bumblebee gravity [28].…”