Probing extra dimension through gravitational wave observations of compact binaries and their electromagnetic counterparts

Abstract

The future gravitational wave (GW) observations of compact binaries and their possible electromagnetic counterparts may be used to probe the nature of the extra dimension. It is widely accepted that gravitons and photons are the only two completely confirmed objects that can travel along null geodesics in our four-dimensional space-time. However, if there exist extra dimensions and only GWs can propagate freely in the bulk, the causal propagations of GWs and electromagnetic waves (EMWs) are in general different. In this paper, we study null geodesics of GWs and EMWs in a five-dimensional anti-de Sitter space-time in the presence of the curvature of the universe. We show that for general cases the horizon radius of GW is longer than EMW within equal time. Taking the GW150914 event detected by the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory and the X-ray event detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor as an example, we study how the curvature k and the constant curvature radius l affect the horizon radii of GW and EMW in the de Sitter and Einstein-de Sitter models of the universe. This provides an alternative method for probing extra dimension through future GW observations of compact binaries and their electromagnetic counterparts.

Inhomogeneous Extra Space as a Tool for the Top-Down Approach

“…The problem is that results depend on a structure of extra space, a number of extra dimensions, and their size. For example, interesting result has been obtained in [36] where the difference between propagations of GW and electromagnetic waves has been studied. This study is applicable only for a one-dimensional extra space.…”

Corrections to Newton’s law of gravitation in the context of codimension-1 warped thick braneworlds

“…We also calculated the scalar curvature given by Eq. (19) which is plotted in Fig 3. The Finally, we calculated the analogue quantum potential U p (z) which is plotted in Fig. 5.…”

“…To reinforce the compact profile of the brane, we computed numerically the scalar curvature given by Eq. (19). We plot the numerical solution in the Fig.…”

Probing the gauge symmetry breaking of the early universe in 3-3-1 models and beyond by gravitational waves

“…The observation of gravitational waves (GWs) by Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (aLIGO) [1] has initiated a new era of exploring the cosmology, the nature of gravity as well as the fundamental particle physics by the GW detectors [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Especially, due to the limitation of the colliders' energy, GW detectors can be used as new or complementary techniques to probe the existence of the new physics (NP) by detecting the symmetry breaking patterns or phase transition history for large classes of NP models with an extended gauge group, which are motivated by the mysterious experimental results in our understanding of particle cosmology (such as the dark matter problem or the puzzling observed baryon asymmetry of the universe), and the absence of NP signals at current collider experiments.…”