Probing nonlocal effects in metals with graphene plasmons

Dias, Eduardo J. C.; Alcaraz, David Israel Méndez; Gonçalves, P. A. D.; Hajati, Yaser; Bludov, Yuliy V.; Jauho, Antti–Pekka; Mortensen, N. Asger; Koppens, Frank H. L.; Peres, N. M. R.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.97.245405

Cited by 58 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In particular, the magnitude of the blueshift is proportional to the velocity of the hydrodynamic plasma pressure wave

β = \sqrt{3 / 5} v_{F, m}

and inversely proportional to the metal's plasma frequency (not shown; see ref. ).…”

Section: Graphene Plasmon Polaritonsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Recently, this adversity has been circumvented by using a vdW heterostructure—composed of graphene encapsulated in hBN—placed onto a metal gate . Crucially, the latter, besides enabling active control over the Fermi level of graphene, also screens the collective charge oscillations (plasmons) in the graphene monolayer that lies just above the metal, thereby yielding graphene plasmons whose properties are reminiscent of acoustic plasmons in a graphene double‐layer …”

Section: Graphene Plasmon Polaritonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the following, we provide an overview of the electrodynamics governing these ultraconfined acoustic‐like plasmons supported by a graphene monolayer lying at a small distance d from a metal substrate. Most notably, their deeply subwavelength nature makes them highly susceptible to nonlocal effects, and thus the aforementioned modes may be used to uncover the nonlocal response of the system and to probe the quantum mechanical features of the graphene electron liquid (and of the metal). We begin our considerations first by analyzing quantum nonlocal effects ascribed to the electrodynamics of graphene alone, and then move on toward the general case where both the graphene and the metal are treated beyond the local‐response approximation.…”

Section: Graphene Plasmon Polaritonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In what follows, we consider nonlocal effects both in the electrodynamic response of graphene and the metal. In the latter case, we incorporate nonlocality using the hydrodynamical model (HDM) …”

Section: Graphene Plasmon Polaritonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In that spirit, we consider a graphene–dielectric–metal vertical heterostructure as depicted in Figure . The implicit condition for the dispersion relation of acoustic‐like graphene plasmons supported by the aforementioned heterostructure is then

\begin{matrix} left \\ \frac{ε_{1}}{κ_{1}} + \frac{ε_{1}}{κ_{2}} + \frac{i σ}{ω ε_{0}} 1 + \frac{ε_{m} κ_{2}}{ε_{2} κ_{m}} + δ_{nl} \\ = \frac{ε_{1}}{κ_{1}} - \frac{ε_{2}}{κ_{2}} + \frac{i σ}{ω ε_{0}} - 1 + \frac{ε_{m} κ_{2}}{ε_{2} κ_{m}} - δ_{nl} e^{- 2 κ_{2} d} \end{matrix}

where

δ_{nl} = \frac{q^{2}}{κ_{nl} κ_{m}} \frac{ε_{m} - ε_{\infty}}{ε_{\infty}}

…”

Section: Graphene Plasmon Polaritonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strong Light–Matter Interactions Enabled by Polaritons in Atomically Thin Materials

Gonçalves

Stenger

Cox

et al. 2020

Advanced Optical Materials

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Polaritons, resulting from the hybridization of light with polarization charges formed at the boundaries between media with positive and negative dielectric response functions, can focus light into regions much smaller than its associated free‐space wavelength. This property is paramount for a plethora of applications in nanophotonics, ranging from biological sensing to photocatalysis to nonlinear and quantum optics. In the two‐dimensional (2D) limit, represented by atomically thin and van der Waals (vdW) materials of single‐layers bound by weak vdW attraction, polaritons are characterized by extremely small wavelengths associated with extreme optical confinement, and furthermore can exhibit long lifetimes, electrical tunability, and extreme sensitivity to their dielectric environment, among many other desirable qualities in nano‐optical device applications. Here, the fundamentals of polaritons in atomically thin materials are summarized, emphasizing plasmon and exciton polaritons, their strong light–matter interactions, and nonlinear plasmonics. More specifically, this review opens with a pedagogical discussion of plasmons in extended and nanostructured graphene, providing a classical electrodynamical model in a nonretarded theoretical framework, and the ultraconfined acoustic plasmons supported by hybrid graphene–dielectric–metal structures. In addition, the basic principles are introduced and the recent developments on nonlinear graphene plasmonics and on strong coupling physics with atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides are reviewed. Finally, potentially new, promising research directions in the burgeoning field of 2D nanophotonics are identified.

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“…In particular, the magnitude of the blueshift is proportional to the velocity of the hydrodynamic plasma pressure wave