Probing number of layers and quality assessment of mechanically exfoliated graphene via Raman fingerprint

Papanai, Girija Shankar; Sharma, Indu

doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2019.100795

Cited by 29 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Papanai et al examined graphene layer numbers of mechanically exfoliated graphene flakes using Raman spectroscopy [ 79 ]. The authors used intensity ratios (I 2D /I G ) and peak widths of the 2D-band to determine layer numbers.…”

Section: Techniques Used To Determine Numbers Of Graphene Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors used intensity ratios (I 2D /I G ) and peak widths of the 2D-band to determine layer numbers. The 2D peak of single-layer graphene (SLG) consisted of a single Lorentzian peak with a width of 24 cm −1 , but this was split into four, six, and five components for 2-, 3-, and 5-layer graphenes, respectively [ 79 ]. Niilisk et al used Raman spectroscopy to investigate the multilayer stacking of graphene grown on Ni [ 80 ].…”

Section: Techniques Used To Determine Numbers Of Graphene Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimation of Number of Graphene Layers Using Different Methods: A Focused Review

et al. 2021

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Graphene, a two-dimensional nanosheet, is composed of carbon species (sp2 hybridized carbon atoms) and is the center of attention for researchers due to its extraordinary physicochemical (e.g., optical transparency, electrical, thermal conductivity, and mechanical) properties. Graphene can be synthesized using top-down or bottom-up approaches and is used in the electronics and medical (e.g., drug delivery, tissue engineering, biosensors) fields as well as in photovoltaic systems. However, the mass production of graphene and the means of transferring monolayer graphene for commercial purposes are still under investigation. When graphene layers are stacked as flakes, they have substantial impacts on the properties of graphene-based materials, and the layering of graphene obtained using different approaches varies. The determination of number of graphene layers is very important since the properties exhibited by monolayer graphene decrease as the number of graphene layer per flake increases to 5 as few-layer graphene, 10 as multilayer graphene, and more than 10 layers, when it behaves like bulk graphite. Thus, this review summarizes graphene developments and production. In addition, the efficacies of determining the number of graphene layers using various characterization methods (e.g., transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra and mapping, and spin hall effect-based methods) are compared. Among these methods, TEM and Raman spectra were found to be most promising to determine number of graphene layers and their stacking order.

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Section: Techniques Used To Determine Numbers Of Graphene Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Techniques Used To Determine Numbers Of Graphene Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Number of Graphene Layers Using Different Methods: A Focused Review

et al. 2021

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“…1a, offset introduced for clarity) for the three samples we investigated (labeled A, B and C). For all samples, the graphene is determined to be monolayer by the symmetric single-peak shape of the 2D-peak [18,19] (at 2679 cm -1 ) and the intensity ratio of 2D and G peak (at 2679 cm -1 ) which is larger than 2 [20]. The position of the 2D-and the Gpeak is used to demonstrate that there is no significant strain present in the samples [21] (more details in the supplementary information).…”

Section: Characterization Of Doping Level and Defectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of nitrogen doping on the band structure and the charge carrier scattering in monolayer graphene

Braatz

Veith

Köster

et al. 2021

Phys. Rev. Materials

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The addition of Nitrogen as a dopant in monolayer graphene is a flexible approach to tune the electronic properties of graphene as required for applications. Here, we investigate the impact of the doping process that adds N-dopants and defects on the key electronic properties, such as the mobility, the effective mass, the Berry phase and the scattering times of the charge carriers. Measurements at low temperatures and magnetic fields up to 9 T show a decrease of the mobility with increasing defect density due to elastic, short-range scattering. At low magnetic fields weak localization indicates an inelastic contribution depending on both defects and dopants. Analysis of the effective mass shows that the N-dopants decrease the slope of the linear bands, which are characteristic for the band structure of graphene around the Dirac point. The Berry phase, however, remains unaffected by the modifications induced through defects and dopants, showing that the overall band structure of the samples is still exhibiting the key properties as expected for Dirac fermions in graphene.

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“…𝐼 𝐺 ≈ 0.45), suggesting the presence of multiple layers of graphene in 3D-C [148,149]. This ratio is also lower than that of Sample A (…”

Section: Variation Of Densitymentioning

confidence: 73%

“…𝐼 𝐺 ≈ 0.51), signifying the presence of few layers of graphene in 3D-C [148,149]. This ratio is also lower than that of Sample A (…”

Section: Variation Of Densitymentioning

confidence: 76%

Application of three-dimensional graphene in sound generation via thermoacoustics

Ngoh¹

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Probing number of layers and quality assessment of mechanically exfoliated graphene via Raman fingerprint

Cited by 29 publications

References 49 publications

Estimation of Number of Graphene Layers Using Different Methods: A Focused Review

Estimation of Number of Graphene Layers Using Different Methods: A Focused Review

Impact of nitrogen doping on the band structure and the charge carrier scattering in monolayer graphene

Application of three-dimensional graphene in sound generation via thermoacoustics

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