High-energy materials
containing azole and furazan have revealed
numerous properties; however, the underlying optical properties need
to be solved. Meanwhile, the uncertainty for the choice of fluorescent
matrix materials and the flexible situational conditions prompted
us to estimate the optical and fluorescent properties of 5,5′-dinitro-2
H
,2
H
′-3,3′-bi-1,2,4-triazole
(
DNBT
), 4,4′-dinitroazolefurazan (
DNAF
), and 4,4′-dinitro-3,3′-4,3′-ter-1,2,5-oxadiazole
(
DNTO
). The first-principles calculation with improved
dispersion correction terms and time-dependent density functional
theory were utilized to calculate the absorbance and excitation energy
of
DNBT
,
DNAF
, and
DNTO
, as
well as characterization for their crystal structure, electronic structure,
molecular orbitals, and so forth, synchronously. In this work, the
absorbance anisotropy of
DNBT
and
DNTO
is
stronger than that of
DNAF
. The absorbance for each of
the (0,0,1) crystal planes in the three compounds is greater than
that of the other two crystal planes. Moreover,
DNBT
has
the maximum absorbance on the (0,0,1) crystal plane. The N–N–H
from
DNBT
and N–O–N from
DNTO
and
DNAF
are responsible for these results, while N=N
in
DNAF
weakens the performance of N–O–N.
UV–vis spectra show that the maximum absorption wavelengths
λ
max
for
DNBT
,
DNAF
, and
DNTO
are 225, 228, and 201 nm, respectively. The number of
five-membered rings and the coplanarity of groups in the intermolecular
non-conjugation interaction potentially improve this ability due to
the results from the crystal diffraction analysis. In addition, the
polarization rate
DNBT
>
DNTO
>
DNAF
based on the molecular orbital analysis and the electrostatic
potential
calculation implies that the excitation energy of
DNBT
is less than
DNTO
, and the excitation energy of
DNTO
is less than
DNAF
. This work is beneficial
to the expansion of energetic materials into the optical field and
the accelerated application process of the related industry.