Probing reactivity of dissolved organic matter for disinfection by-product formation using XAD-8 resin adsorption and ultrafiltration fractionation

Kitiş, Mehmet; Karanfil, Tanju; Wigton, Andrew; Kilduff, James E.

doi:10.1016/s0043-1354(02)00094-5

Cited by 228 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…For Eq. (11), the coefficient of UV 254 (g r = 799) was greater than of DOC/100 (h n = 503), indicating that THM was more likely to be produced from UV absorbing organic, hydrophobic compounds, than DOC overall, that includes hydrophilic and non-aromatic compounds, a finding similar to that reported by Kitis et al [50] and Chen and Westerhoff [32].…”

Section: Trihalomethane Formation Potential (Thmfp)supporting

confidence: 78%

Characterization of dissolved organic matter for prediction of trihalomethane formation potential in surface and sub-surface waters

Awad

Leeuwen

Chow

et al. 2016

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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h i g h l i g h t s• Models of THMFP based on the character of precursor organics were developed.• UV 254 , HPSEC-UV and F-EEM provided data that could be used for THMFP prediction.• High removal of humic compounds by enhanced coagulation led to lower THM formation. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in surface waters used for drinking purposes can vary markedly in character dependent on their sources within catchments. The character of DOM further influences the formation of disinfection by products when precursor DOM present in drinking water reacts with chlorine during disinfection. Here we report the development of models that describe the formation potential of trihalomethanes (THMFP) dependent on the character of DOM in waters from discrete catchments with specific land-use and soil textures. DOM was characterized based on UV absorbance at 254 nm, apparent molecular weight and relative abundances of protein-like and humic-like compounds. DOM character and Br concentration (up to 0.5 mg/L) were used as variables in models (R 2 > 0.93) of THMFP, which ranged from 19 to 649 g/L. Chloroform concentration (12 − 594 g/L) and relative abundance (27 − 99%) were first modeled (R 2 > 0.85) and from these, the abundances of bromodichloromethane and chlorodibromomethane estimated using power and exponential functions, respectively (R 2 > 0.98). From these, the abundance of bromoform is calculated. The proposed model may be used in risk assessment of catchment factors on formation of trihalomethanes in drinking water, in context of treatment efficiency for removal of organic matter. a r t i c l e i n f oCrown Copyright © 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Abbreviations: AromDOC, aromatic-organic compounds concentration; Br, bromide ion concentration in raw waters; CHBr2Cl, chloro-dibromomethane formation potential; CHBr3, bromoform formation potential; CHCl2Br, bromo-dichloromethane formation potential; CHCl3, chloroform formation potential; DOC, dissolved organic carbon; DOM, dissolved organic matter; FA, percentage abundance of fulvic-like; HA, percentage abundance of humic-like; MW, molecular weight; NOM, natural organics matter; NonAromDOC, non-aromatic-organic compounds concentration; P(1), area under Peak 1; P(2-3), area under peaks 2&3; P(4-5), area under peaks 4&5; P(6-7), area under peaks 6&7; P(8-9), area under peaks 8&9; PI, percentage abundance of protein1-like; PII, percentage abundance of protein2-like; R 2 , coefficient of determination; SE, standard deviation; SMP, percentage abundance of soluble microbial protein-like; SUVA, Specific UV absorbance; THMFP, trihalomethane formation potential; UV254, UV absorbance at wavelength 254 nm.

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Section: Trihalomethane Formation Potential (Thmfp)supporting

confidence: 78%

Characterization of dissolved organic matter for prediction of trihalomethane formation potential in surface and sub-surface waters

Awad

Leeuwen

Chow

et al. 2016

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…This method separates NOM into several components according to their chemical properties (hydrophilicityhydrophobicity). Based on this method, the behaviors of different NOM fractions have been investigated (Chow et al, 2005;Hua and Reckhow, 2007;Kitis et al, 2002;Krasner et al, 1996;Liang and Singer, 2003;Matilainen et al, 2011;Panyapinyopol et al, 2005). The results showed that the hydrophilic fractions of NOM are composed mostly of aliphatic carbon and nitrogen compounds (such as carbohydrates, sugars, and amino acids), while hydrophobic NOM primarily consists of humic and fulvic acids and is rich in aromatic carbon, phenolic structures and conjugated double bonds (Krasner et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results showed that the hydrophilic fractions of NOM are composed mostly of aliphatic carbon and nitrogen compounds (such as carbohydrates, sugars, and amino acids), while hydrophobic NOM primarily consists of humic and fulvic acids and is rich in aromatic carbon, phenolic structures and conjugated double bonds (Krasner et al, 1996). The hydrophobic compounds of NOM are the most important precursors for DBP formation and hydrophilic compounds may play a significant role in the formation of new compounds (Kitis et al, 2002;Liang and Singer, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disinfection byproduct precursor removal by enhanced coagulation and their distribution in chemical fractions

Zhao

Xiao

Wang

et al. 2013

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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Raw water from the Songhua River was treated by four types of coagulants, ferric chloride (FeCl 3 ), aluminum sulfate (Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ), polyaluminum chloride (PACl) and composite polyaluminum (HPAC), in order to remove dissolved organic matter (DOM). Considering the disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursor treatability, DOM was divided into five chemical fractions based on resin adsorption. Trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) and haloacetic acid formation potential (HAAFP) were measured for each fraction. The results showed that hydrophobic acids (HoA), hydrophilic matter (HiM) and hydrophobic neutral (HoN) were the dominant fractions. Although both HoN and HoA were the main THM precursors, the contribution for THMFP changed after coagulation. Additionally, HoA and HiM were the main HAA precursors, while the contribution of HoN to HAAFP significantly increased after coagulation. HoM was more easily removed than HiM, no matter which coagulant was used, especially under enhanced coagulation conditions. DOC removal was highest for enhanced coagulation using FeCl 3 while DBPFP was lowest using PACl. This could indicate that not all DOC fractions contained the precursors of DBPs. Reduction of THMFP and HAAFP by PACl under enhanced coagulation could reach 51% and 59% respectively.

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“…A 280 loss ( A 280 ) of DOM fractions UV absorbance at a wavelength generally between 254 nm and 280 nm has been used to represent the aromatic characteristics of organic matter [28]. The change in absorbance at wavelength ( A ), defined as A ,initial − A ,final , has frequently been found to exhibit a relationship with the formation of DBPs in chlorination.…”

Section: Haa Speciation and Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of disinfection by-products in the chlorination of ammonia-containing effluents: Significance of Cl2/N ratios and the DOM fractions

Zhang

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2011

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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a b s t r a c tThe presence of ammonia nitrogen in the effluent strongly affected the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) during its chlorination. The effect of chlorine (as mg/L Cl 2 ) to NH 3 -N (as mg/L N) mass ratios (Cl 2 /N) and the chemical fractions of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the effluent on the DBPs formation was investigated. Results indicated that the formation of DBPs increased with increasing Cl 2 /N. The concentration and speciation of DBPs varied among different DOM fractions at different zones of chlorination breakpoint curves. The formation rate of total haloacetic acids (THAA) and total trihalomethanes (TTHM) was promoted after the chlorination breakpoint, whereas the reaction of monochloramine with HOCl to dichloramine may cause a decrease in the DBPs formation potential thereafter. Organic acids were found to be the dominant precursors of DBPs with or without the presence of NH 3 -N, which indicated that the C C, C O and C-O structures contributed to the formation of DBPs significantly. In addition, the incorporation of bromine in THMs of the HiA fraction increased with the increasing of Cl 2 /N mass ratios before the chlorination breakpoint, but decreased sharply after the breakpoint. A 280 (absorbance at 280 nm), defined as A 280,initial − A 280,final , was proved to be linearly related to the TTHM and THAA of wastewater without containing Br − during chlorination or chloramination.

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Probing reactivity of dissolved organic matter for disinfection by-product formation using XAD-8 resin adsorption and ultrafiltration fractionation

Cited by 228 publications

References 27 publications

Characterization of dissolved organic matter for prediction of trihalomethane formation potential in surface and sub-surface waters

Characterization of dissolved organic matter for prediction of trihalomethane formation potential in surface and sub-surface waters

Disinfection byproduct precursor removal by enhanced coagulation and their distribution in chemical fractions

Formation of disinfection by-products in the chlorination of ammonia-containing effluents: Significance of Cl2/N ratios and the DOM fractions

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