Probing the chemical complexity of tires: Identification of potential tire-borne water contaminants with high-resolution mass spectrometry

Müller, Kathrin; Hübner, Daniel; Huppertsberg, Sven; Knepper, Thomas P.; Zahn, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149799

Cited by 77 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Twenty-four leachables could be identified with confidence level 2 or higher (e. g. DPG, dibenzylamine, 2-hydroxybenzothiazole, 1,3-dicyclohexylurea, hexa(methoxymethyl)melamine, 1-butyl-3cyclohexylurea, 1-hexyl-3-phenylurea, N-cyclohexylformamide). While most substances were known as tire components for years [11], some were only recently reported as potential tire borne environmental contaminants [7,8]. Additionally, some tentatively identified leachables were not reported as tire constituents before (e. g. 1-butyl-3-cyclohexylurea, 1-hexyl-3-phenylurea, 3,3diphenylpropanamide, N-(2,2-diphenylethyl)urea).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous study we revealed that reaction products likely formed during tire production may lead to an even more complex chemical composition of tires than initially expected [8]. Building upon these results, we extended our sample set by 13 used tires to account for chemicals formed during the life-time of a tire.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…For the data processing the software SCIEX OS was utilized, and an STS and NTS peak picking workflow was performed. For the STS the list of the 145 leachables of Müller and Hübner et al [8] was matched with the data and for the NTS only signals with an intensity > 10 3 and an occurrence in minimum four tires were considered. The results were then reviewed for plausibility based on isotopic pattern, fragmentation, ionisation polarity, ion species and blank signal.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies confirmed that TRWP can reach the aquatic environment [4] and even though studies investigating leachates of TRWP are still scarce, Capolupo et al [5] showed strong toxicity of tire leachates and Tian et al [6] identified the oxidation product of the widely used tire antioxidant N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N -phenyl-pphenylenediamine (6-PPD), 6-PPD-quinone, to cause acute mortality in coho salmon. Yet, systematic studies of tire leachables are limited [7,8] and only few other examples for TRWP related leachables like N,N -diphenylguanidine (DPG) [9] and hexa(methoxymethyl)melamine [10] are known and information about the distribution of tire-related contaminants in the environment is still scare.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Tire wear particles as source for environmental contaminants – Suspect Screening for more than 70 leachables in the aquatic environment

Müller¹,

Knepper²,

Zahn³

2022

Vom Wasser

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Tire wear particles as source for environmental contaminants – Suspect Screening for more than 70 leachables in the aquatic environment

Müller¹,

Knepper²,

Zahn³

2022

Vom Wasser

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“…More recent studies have identified N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N ′ -phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, a tire rubber antioxidant, 1,3-diphenyl guanidine and hexamethoxymethylmelamine-additives used in tire production-as ubiquitous contaminants in urban receiving waters which also induce coho salmon mortality [15,56]. The number of potential tire-borne water contaminants is likely much larger [60]. Other contaminants including heavy metals, alkylphenols, phthalates, PAHs, microplastics, and benzothiazoles have also been identified as plausible emissions from tire wear in trafficked environments [19,57,61].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traffic-related sources may dominate urban water contamination for many organic contaminants

Awonaike

Parajulee

Lei

et al. 2022

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Urban runoff and wastewater/sewage input are majorly responsible for the contamination of urban streams. In streams where wastewater input is not a considerable input, the importance of urban runoff as a mechanism of contaminant transport and delivery from urban surfaces to receiving waters is even more apparent. Extensive studies on two such streams in Southern Ontario, Canada yielded data on the occurrence and levels of multiple contaminant groups (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and quinones, benzotriazoles, benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers, organophosphate esters, herbicides) and the influence of factors such as temperature, rainfall characteristics, and land use. Here, we collectively examined the data from these studies to identify any trends and further insights. Using concentration-discharge relationships, we found that the transport dynamics of many particle-bound compounds are strikingly similar to each other, and to that of suspended solids in which they were quantified; suggesting a single, predominant source. Similar urban to rural ratios across compound groups and strong correlations with road density further support the existence of a dominant source and point to traffic as this source, respectively. Although road traffic had not previously been implicated as a major source of many of the investigated compound groups, their uses suggest that traffic-related sources are very plausible. Overall, this work highlights that traffic is a major source of a surprisingly wide array of organic contaminants to urban surfaces, and subsequently to nearby streams.

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Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry in Environmental Analysis

Mattarozzi

Careri

2023

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) has expanded the analytical framework for the analysis of polar organic contaminants in complex matrices primarily through advances in high‐resolution mass spectrometry, ion mobility spectrometry, evolving repository databases, and data mining software. Over the last 10 years, the analytical trends toward a comprehensive characterization of emerging environmental contaminants along with their degradation and transformation products have driven the move from target analysis of few tens of compounds to wide‐scope target screening, as well as the development of strategies aimed at suspect screening of ‘known unknowns’ and the more challenging nontarget analysis for the identification of ‘unknown unknowns’. In this context, there is also an urgent need to give objective and unambiguous evidence of the confidence level of identification from a large list of tentatively identified substances, as well as to automate the evaluation process toward a more reproducible and harmonized approach. This article represents a third edition of a previous manuscript by Mattarozzi and Careri, (1) which was updated to take into account the huge progress in MS instrumentation and related methodologies and also advances in environmental analytical chemistry. In this article, among the environmental applications of LC‐MS, current and innovative approaches for the analysis of selected classes of emerging pollutants, such as micro‐ and nanoplastics, per‐ and poly‐fluoroalkyl substances, and transformation products in environmental samples are discussed, attempting to have a global coverage on the most recent research studies regarding the development of methodologies for the contaminants of high concern for the environment.

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Probing the chemical complexity of tires: Identification of potential tire-borne water contaminants with high-resolution mass spectrometry

Cited by 77 publications

References 35 publications

Tire wear particles as source for environmental contaminants – Suspect Screening for more than 70 leachables in the aquatic environment

Tire wear particles as source for environmental contaminants – Suspect Screening for more than 70 leachables in the aquatic environment

Traffic-related sources may dominate urban water contamination for many organic contaminants

Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry in Environmental Analysis

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