Probing the cortical network underlying the psychological refractory period: A combined EEG–fMRI study

Hesselmann, Guido; Flandin, Guillaume; Dehaene, Stanislas

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.03.017

Cited by 49 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…[5,20,28] used multiple regression in order to track the time course of different “components” of the stimulus-locked response on the very same data set. The topographies at specific peaks in the global field power for the lag-9 condition were used as regressors in a multiple regression applied to the data from the other conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing multi-sensor data to a single time course that reveals experimental effects

2013

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BackgroundMulti-sensor technologies such as EEG, MEG, and ECoG result in high-dimensional data sets. Given the high temporal resolution of such techniques, scientific questions very often focus on the time-course of an experimental effect. In many studies, researchers focus on a single sensor or the average over a subset of sensors covering a “region of interest” (ROI). However, single-sensor or ROI analyses ignore the fact that the spatial focus of activity is constantly changing, and fail to make full use of the information distributed over the sensor array.MethodsWe describe a technique that exploits the optimality and simplicity of matched spatial filters in order to reduce experimental effects in multivariate time series data to a single time course. Each (multi-sensor) time sample of each trial is replaced with its projection onto a spatial filter that is matched to an observed experimental effect, estimated from the remaining trials (Effect-Matched Spatial filtering, or EMS filtering). The resulting set of time courses (one per trial) can be used to reveal the temporal evolution of an experimental effect, which distinguishes this approach from techniques that reveal the temporal evolution of an anatomical source or region of interest.ResultsWe illustrate the technique with data from a dual-task experiment and use it to track the temporal evolution of brain activity during the psychological refractory period. We demonstrate its effectiveness in separating the means of two experimental conditions, and in significantly improving the signal-to-noise ratio at the single-trial level. It is fast to compute and results in readily-interpretable time courses and topographies. The technique can be applied to any data-analysis question that can be posed independently at each sensor, and we provide one example, using linear regression, that highlights the versatility of the technique.ConclusionThe approach described here combines established techniques in a way that strikes a balance between power, simplicity, speed of processing, and interpretability. We have used it to provide a direct view of parallel and serial processes in the human brain that previously could only be measured indirectly. An implementation of the technique in MatLab is freely available via the internet.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing multi-sensor data to a single time course that reveals experimental effects

2013

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“…This bottleneck effect parallels well-known external attention effects, such as the attentional blink, in which a perceptual stimulus goes unnoticed if presented in close succession. Moreover, neuroimaging studies have shown common recruitment of regions engaged during attentional blink and the psychological refractory period (Wong, 2002; Marois and Ivanoff, 2005; Hesselmann et al, 2011; Marti et al, 2012), suggesting again the involvement of a common mechanism. Further neuroimaging studies on task selection have shown recruitment of several brain regions also associated with external attention, such as the prefrontal and anterior cingulated cortices (Botvinick et al, 2001).…”

Section: Internal Attention and Episodic Memory Retrievalmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Attention in Conscious Recollection

Brigard¹

2012

Front. Psychology

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Most research on the relationship between attention and consciousness has been limited to perception. However, perceptions are not the only kinds of mental contents of which we can be conscious. An important set of conscious states that has not received proper treatment within this discussion is that of memories. This paper reviews compelling evidence indicating that attention may be necessary, but probably not sufficient, for conscious recollection. However, it is argued that unlike the case of conscious perception, the kind of attention required during recollection is internal, as opposed to external, attention. As such, the surveyed empirical evidence is interpreted as suggesting that internal attention is necessary, but probably not sufficient, for conscious recollection. The paper begins by justifying the need for clear distinctions among different kinds of attention, and then emphasizes the difference between internal and external attention. Next, evidence from behavioral, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging studies suggesting that internal attention is required for the successful retrieval of memorial contents is reviewed. In turn, it is argued that internal attention during recollection is what makes us conscious of the contents of retrieved memories; further evidence in support of this claim is also provided. Finally, it is suggested that internal attention is probably not sufficient for conscious recollection. Open questions and possible avenues for future research are also mentioned.

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“…That is the appearance of increased reaction times for the second stimulus, when SOAs are decreasing (Pashler, 1984). While the PRP test does not directly test everyday functions, this test is an established and well-validated tool to examine the neurofunctional processing architecture underlying dual-tasking (Sigman and Dehaene, 2008; Hesselmann et al, 2011). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neural architecture of age-related dual-task interferences

Chmielewski

Yıldız

Beste

2014

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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In daily life elderly adults exhibit deficits when dual-tasking is involved. So far these deficits have been verified on a behavioral level in dual-tasking. Yet, the neuronal architecture of these deficits in aging still remains to be explored especially when late-middle aged individuals around 60 years of age are concerned. Neuroimaging studies in young participants concerning dual-tasking were, among others, related to activity in middle frontal (MFG) and superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and the anterior insula (AI). According to the frontal lobe hypothesis of aging, alterations in these frontal regions (i.e., SFG and MFG) might be responsible for cognitive deficits. We measured brain activity using fMRI, while examining age-dependent variations in dual-tasking by utilizing the PRP (psychological refractory period) test. Behavioral data showed an increasing PRP effect in late-middle aged adults. The results suggest the age-related deteriorated performance in dual-tasking, especially in conditions of risen complexity. These effects are related to changes in networks involving the AI, the SFG and the MFG. The results suggest that different cognitive subprocesses are affected that mediate the observed dual-tasking problems in late-middle aged individuals.

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Probing the cortical network underlying the psychological refractory period: A combined EEG–fMRI study

Cited by 49 publications

References 86 publications

Reducing multi-sensor data to a single time course that reveals experimental effects

Reducing multi-sensor data to a single time course that reveals experimental effects

The Role of Attention in Conscious Recollection

The neural architecture of age-related dual-task interferences

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