Probing the density dependence of the symmetry potential in intermediate-energy heavy ion collisions

Li, Qingfeng; Li, Zhuxia; Soff, S.; Gupta, Raj K.; Bleicher, Marcus; Stöcker, H.

doi:10.1088/0954-3899/31/11/016

Cited by 72 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The results are shown in the left window of Fig. 134 [441]. It is seen that the K 0 /K + ratio displays only small symmetry energy effects at an incident energy close to the kaon production threshold, which is about 1.58 GeV in nucleon-nucleon interaction in free space.…”

Section: Thementioning

confidence: 95%

Recent progress and new challenges in isospin physics with heavy-ion reactions

2008

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The ultimate goal of studying isospin physics via heavy-ion reactions with neutron-rich, stable and/or radioactive nuclei is to explore the isospin dependence of in-medium nuclear effective interactions and the equation of state of neutron-rich nuclear matter, particularly the isospin-dependent term in the equation of state, i.e., the density dependence of the symmetry energy. Because of its great importance for understanding many phenomena in both nuclear physics and astrophysics, the study of the density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy has been the main focus of the intermediate-energy heavy-ion physics community during the last decade, and significant progress has been achieved both experimentally and theoretically. In particular, a number of phenomena or observables have been identified as sensitive probes to the density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy. Experimental studies have confirmed some of these interesting isospin-dependent effects and allowed us to constrain relatively stringently the symmetry energy at sub-saturation densities. The impacts of this constrained density dependence of the symmetry energy on the properties of neutron stars have also been studied, and they were found to be very useful for the astrophysical community. With new opportunities provided by the various radioactive beam facilities being constructed around the world, the study of isospin physics is expected to remain one of the forefront research areas in nuclear physics. In this report, we review the major progress achieved during the last decade in isospin physics with heavy ion reactions and discuss future challenges to the most important issues in this field.Key words: Equation of state of asymmetric nuclear matter, Nuclear symmetry energy, Heavy-ion reactions with neutron-rich nuclei, Neutron skin thickness of heavy nuclei, Neutron stars Constraining the Skyrme effective interactions and the neutron skin thickness of heavy nuclei using terrestrial nuclear laboratory data 216 8

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Section: Thementioning

confidence: 95%

Recent progress and new challenges in isospin physics with heavy-ion reactions

2008

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“…Among them, the neutron-proton elliptic flow ratio and difference have been shown to be sufficiently sensitive probes of the highdensity behavior of the nuclear symmetry energy [5,6]. The comparison of existing data from the FOPI-LAND experiment [7,8] with calculations performed with the UrQMD transport model [9][10][11] suggested a moderately soft to linear symmetry term, characterized by a coefficient γ = 0.9 ± 0.4 for the power-law parametrization of the density dependence of the potential part of the symmetry energy [5]. This result has excluded super-soft scenarios but suffers from the considerable statistical uncertainty of the experimental data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Results of the ASY-EOS experiment at GSI: The symmetry energy at suprasaturation density

Russotto¹,

Gannon²,

Kupny³

et al. 2016

Phys. Rev. C

216

221

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Directed and elliptic flows of neutrons and light charged particles were measured for the reaction 197 Au+ 197 Au at 400 MeV/nucleon incident energy within the ASY-EOS experimental campaign at the GSI laboratory. The detection system consisted of the Large Area Neutron Detector LAND, combined with parts of the CHIMERA multidetector, of the ALADIN Time-of-flight Wall, and of the Washington-University Microball detector. The latter three arrays were used for the event characterization and reaction-plane reconstruction. In addition, an array of triple telescopes, KRATTA, 2 was used for complementary measurements of the isotopic composition and flows of light charged particles.From the comparison of the elliptic flow ratio of neutrons with respect to charged particles with UrQMD predictions, a value γ = 0.72 ± 0.19 is obtained for the power-law coefficient describing the density dependence of the potential part in the parametrization of the symmetry energy. It represents a new and more stringent constraint for the regime of supra-saturation density and confirms, with a considerably smaller uncertainty, the moderately soft to linear density dependence deduced from the earlier FOPI-LAND data. The densities probed are shown to reach beyond twice saturation.

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“…The comparison of existing data from the FOPI-LAND experiment [1] with calculations performed with the UrQMD transport model [2] suggests a moderately soft to linear symmetry term. The result suffers, however, from the considerable statistical uncertainty of the experimental data [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%