Probing the functional and therapeutic properties of postbiotics in relation to their industrial application

Abstract

Functional foods are gaining significant research attention of researchers due to their health‐endorsing properties due to their bioactive components either living cells (probiotics) or nonviable cells (prebiotics). The term “postbiotic” specifies the soluble substances, such as enzymes, peptides, teichoic acids, muropeptides derived from peptidoglycans, polysaccharides, cell surface proteins, and organic acids, that are secreted by living bacteria or released after bacterial lysis. Due to various signaling molecules which may have antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antiinflammatory, antihypertensive, and antiproliferative activities, postbiotics offer great potential to be used in pharmaceutical, food, and nutraceutical industries, to promote health and ailment prevention. This recent review is a landmark of information relevant to the production of postbiotics along with salient features to use in various fields ranging from food to immunomodulation and selective and effective therapy. It also puts forward the concept that postbiotics are way more effective than probiotics in the veterinary, food as well as medical field which ultimately helps in reducing the disease burden along with human health.

A Novel Approach to the Use of Xanthan Gum: Evaluation of Probiotic Promoter, Postbiotic Formation and Techno-Functional Effect

“…Postbiotics include short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs; acetic, butyric, and propionic acids), organic acids (lactic and 3-phenyllactic acid), carbohydrates (secreted and/or extracellular polysaccharides, galactose-rich polysaccharides and teichoic acid), cell surface proteins, peptides (p40, p75, Lactocepin and peptidoglycan-derived muropeptides), bacteriocins (acidophilin, bifidin, and reuterin), enzymes and vitamins (B-vitamins). Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the most important postbiotics formed during probiotic fermentation, have biological functions such as reducing the risk of intestinal infections, increasing mineral bioavailability, immunomodulation, hypocholesterolemic, a n t i t u m o r i g e n i c , a n t i i n f l a m m a t o r y , antiproliferative, antiobesogenic, antiallergic, and antioxidant effects (Aguilar-Toalá et al 2021, Salminen et al 2021, Omak & Yilmaz-Ersan 2022, Anvar et al 2023, Asif et al 2023. However, recent studies have focused on the utilization of postbiotics produced by probiotics as a food additive owing to their health and technological effects (Mogahed Fahim et al 2021, Hosseini et al 2022, Darwish et al 2022, Sharafi et al 2022, Anvar et al 2023, Pimentel et al 2023.…”

A systematic review to introduce the most effective postbiotics derived from probiotics for aflatoxin detoxification in vitro

“…In addition, postbiotics have unique features, such as safe origin, no toxic effect, low cost of preparation and transportation, and long shelf life (Homayouni-Rad et al, 2021). Many results obtained from clinical studies indicated the suitability of digestion, absorption, metabolism and distribution of postbiotics (Asif et al, 2023;Gao et al, 2019;Shenderov 2013;Singh et al, 2018), and these characteristics are suitable for the food and pharmaceutical industries (Aghebati-Maleki et al, 2021).…”