Probing the Inhibitory Mechanism of Calcite Precipitation by Organic Phosphonates in Industrial Water Cooling System

Investigating the Effectiveness of Phosphonate Additives in Hindering the Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate Scale Formation

“…In this regard, it is likely that DTPMPA and BHMTPMPA each with five phosphonate functional groups more effectively complexed with Ca 2+ than PAPEMP, ATMP, and HEDP with four, three, and two functional groups, respectively (Table ), and thus more effectively inhibited gypsum crystallization (i.e., DTPMPA and BHMTPMPA showed the longest induction times; Figure ). A more effective inhibition of calcite crystallization by the five phosphonate functional group DTPMPA compared to the tetraphosphonate inhibitors is also reported elsewhere and similarly attributed to a more effective complexation of phosphonate functional groups of DTPMPA. , However, Zhang et al reported the higher CaCO 3 formation inhibition efficiency of PAPEMP than DTPMPA.…”

“…A more effective inhibition of calcite crystallization by the five phosphonate functional group DTPMPA compared to the tetraphosphonate inhibitors is also reported elsewhere and similarly attributed to a more effective complexation of phosphonate functional groups of DTPMPA. 46,34 However, Zhang el al. 47 , reported the higher CaCO3 formation inhibition efficiency of PAPEMP than DTPMPA.…”

Investigating the potential of hydroxyethylamino-di(methylene phosphonic acid) in inhibiting gypsum crystallization

“…37 For example, it has been reported that an antiscalant with five phosphonate functional groups is more effective that a tetraphosphonate inhibitor in inhibiting calcite mineralization. 38…”