Probing the lubricating mechanism of oil-soluble ionic liquids additives

Oil-soluble ionic liquids as antiwear and extreme pressure additives in poly-α-olefin for steel/steel contacts

“…The binding energy of N1s of N 88816 S P shifts from 399.8 eV to 402.2 eV, as illustrated in Fig. 11(f), which corresponds to organic nitrogen compounds and nitrides [7]. The above results indicate that the active elements (such as S, P, Zn, and N) are likely to react with the surfaces of sliding pairs to form inorganic compounds of higher toughness.…”

“…Meanwhile, the critical factors of lubricants, namely extreme pressure and lubricating performance, limit the application range of machineries and equipment in general [6]. Moreover, it is challenging to entirely satisfy the pragmatic requirements of new machinery and equipment, with traditional lubricating additives [7]. Therefore, it is necessary to research and synthesize new types of lubricant additives to satisfy the extreme conditions.…”

Time-Resolved Characterization of Dynamic Tribochemical Processes for Dicationic Imidazolium Ionic Liquid

“…Room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs) are salt structures consisting of large cation and anion moieties, which are characterized by melting temperatures below 100 • C. In tribological applications, ILs have demonstrated superior performance as lubricants under both mixed and boundary conditions [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. In severe environments, in space and at high temperatures, IL-base lubricants are especially propitious due to their exceptional thermal stability, both oxidative and nonoxidative [10][11][12][13][14].…”

“…During the last decade, imidazolium-base ionic liquids with fluorinated anions have been specially addressed in a number of studies [1,[15][16][17]. The application range of the imidazolium ILs was further expanded by rational designing of the molecular structure and the side chains offering the possibility of obtaining versatile ILs with tailored polarity, hydrophobicity, and corrosive and antioxidant properties [7,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Generally, the increase of the length of the alkyl side chains attached to a cation head group leads to the improvement of wear resistance, but this effect is not straightforward [2,22,26].…”

“…In a large measure, this is due to the low yield and selectivity of tribochemical reactions [11] and the lack of a broadly available experimental technique for the time-resolved characterization of tribochemical reactions at a buried interface. In the vast majority of experimental studies, a post mortem approach has been employed that consists of analyzing possible chemical changes on the worn surfaces, wear debris, and in the lubricants, once a tribological test is accomplished [7,11,47].…”