Probing the severe haze pollution in three typical regions of China: Characteristics, sources and regional impacts

Wang, Qiongzhen; Zhuang, Guoshun; Huang, Kan; Liu, Tingna; Deng, Congrui; Xu, Jian; Lin, Yanfen; Guo, Zhigang; Chen, Ying; Fu, Qingyan; Fu, Joshua S.; Chen, Jiakuan

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.08.076

Cited by 110 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Calm or low wind speed cause accumulation of air pollutants [12,45], resulting in elevated pollution concentrations, and wind directions affect the regional/long-range transport of air pollutants [14,44]. High RH is Atmosphere 2016, 7, 100 5 of 15 favorable for the formation of secondary particles [7,15], contributing to high pollution concentrations. Thus, we examined the effects of RH, WS, and WD on the PM 2.5 and PM 2.5-10 concentrations in this study, and the results are shown in Figure 3.…”

Section: Effects Of Meteorological Parameters On Pm 25 and Pm 25-10mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coal combustion is a major source of PM 2.5 in China, particularly during the heating season in northern China [4,5]. However, in the urban region of megacities, the rapid increase of motor vehicles has become a more and more significant contributor to the atmospheric NOx and particles [6][7][8][9]. In addition, biomass burning is an important source of PM 2.5 during the post-harvest seasons from May to June and from October to November [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accumulation of anthropogenic pollutants under stagnant weather conditions frequently triggers frequently triggers the occurrence of pollution episodes [12,13]. Besides, the gas-to-particle transformations of SO2, NOx, and VOCs also substantially contribute to the formation of PM2.5 pollution [7,14], particularly under high RH condition [15], with the sum of secondary inorganic species NO3 − , SO4 2− , and NH4 + accounting for ~77% of the total PM2.5 mass [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential Sources and Formations of the PM2.5 Pollution in Urban Hangzhou

Wang

et al. 2016

Atmosphere

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Continuous measurements of meteorological parameters, gaseous pollutants, particulate matters, and the major chemical species in PM 2.5 were conducted in urban Hangzhou from 1 September to 30 November 2013 to study the potential sources and formations of PM 2.5 pollution. The average PM 2.5 concentration was 69 µg¨m´3,~97% higher than the annual concentration limit in the national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) of China. Relative humidity (RH) and wind speed (WS) were two important factors responsible for the increase of PM 2.5 concentration, with the highest value observed under RH of 70%-90%. PM 2.5 was in good correlation with both NO 2 and CO, but not with SO 2 , and the potential source contribution function (PSCF) results displayed that local emissions were important potential sources contributing to the elevated PM 2.5 and NO 2 in Hangzhou. Thus, local vehicle emission was suggested as a major contribution to the PM 2.5 pollution. Concentrations of NO 2 and CO significantly increased in pollution episodes, while the SO 2 concentration even decreased, implying local emission rather than region transport was the major source contributing to the formation of pollution episodes. The sum of SO 4 2´, NO 3´, and NH 4 + accounted for~50% of PM 2.5 in mass in pollution episodes and the NO 3´/ EC ratios were significantly elevated, revealing that the formation of secondary inorganic species, particularly NO 3´, was an important contributor to the PM 2.5 pollution in Hangzhou. This study highlights that controlling local pollution emissions was essential to reduce the PM 2.5 pollution in Hangzhou, and the control of vehicle emission in particular should be further promoted in the future.

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Section: Effects Of Meteorological Parameters On Pm 25 and Pm 25-10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential Sources and Formations of the PM2.5 Pollution in Urban Hangzhou

Wang

et al. 2016

Atmosphere

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“…Because PM 2.5 contains large proportion of anthropogenic sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and organic acid salt, which are highly hygroscopic and easily promote the fine particle expansion with the water or vapor adsorbed/condensed on the surface of aerosols to form those so-called haze-fog. In the highly polluted atmospheric environment, the visibility would be significantly reduced, down to a few kilometers, even less than 1 km (Fu et al, 2008;Huang et al, 2012aHuang et al, , b, 2014Wang et al, 2015). Sun et al (2006) proposed the concept of haze-fog, while it was reported that the concentrations of PM 2.5 , PM 10 , ions, and elements in Beijing in the haze-fog days were 10 times higher than that in non-haze days.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to elucidate the similarities and differences of the sources and the formation mechanism of the heavy hazefog in the different areas over China, our research group adhered a long-term continuous monitoring and investigation of PM 1 , PM 2.5 , and TSP in those typical regions, including the highly developed Yangtze River Delta and the megacity Shanghai (Fu et al, 2008;Huang et al, 2012aHuang et al, , b, 2013Lin et al, 2013), the North China Plain areas and the megacity Beijing (Huang et al, 2014), the remote island (the Huaniao Isle) in the East China Sea (Wang et al, 2015), and the duststorm source areas in the north-western China. Here we investigate the characteristics of aerosol in Urumqi, an inland city in north-western China, to reveal the typical formation mechanism of the heavy haze-fog there.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Typical Formation Mechanism of Heavy Haze-Fog Induced by Coal Combustion in an Inland City in North-Western China

Liu

Zhuang

Huang

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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PM 2.5 , TSP, and the pollutant gases over Urumqi, an inland city near the Asian dust source region in north-western China, were measured for an entire year from March, 2008 to February, 2009. The chemical compositions of all these samples with daily visibilities were investigated for the sources and formation mechanisms of aerosol and the relationship of the optical property with various components in aerosols. The sources of the air pollutants that caused severe haze in Urumqi were clarified. It was found that the concentrations of SO 4 2-, Cl -, NH 4 + , and Na + in PM 2.5 in the heating period were more than 9 times of those in the non-heating period. The concentrations of total water soluble inorganic ions (TWSII) in PM 2.5 and TSP in the heating period were 7.5 and 5.5 times of those in the non-heating period. The enrichment factors of the pollution elements, e.g., S, Cd, As, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, and Na in PM 2.5 in the heating period were 3-13 times of those in the non-heating period. The formation mechanism of the severe haze and the micro-mechanism of the visibility reduction in Urumqi in the heating period, especially in winter, were quantitatively revealed. SNA (the three secondary inorganic ions, SO 4 2-, NO 3 -, and NH 4 + ), organic matter (OM), and chloride (Cl -) in PM 2.5 were the three main components to cause aerosol extinction in Urumqi. The contributions of SNA, OM, and Cl -to aerosol extinction, i.e., to visibility reduction, were 57%, 20%, and 12% during the heating period from October 15 to April 15, and 67%, 17%, and 12% in winter, respectively. It was evident that the major source of the air pollutants that caused severe haze in Urumqi was from coal combustion, for most of these ions and pollution elements in aerosols were emitted from coal burning. The control of the quality and quantity of coal burning is the key to improve the air quality and the atmospheric visibility in Urumqi.

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Spatial Concentration, Impact Factors and Prevention-Control Measures of PM2.5 Pollution in China

Wu¹,

Guo²

2021

Economic Impacts and Emergency Management of Disasters in China

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Probing the severe haze pollution in three typical regions of China: Characteristics, sources and regional impacts

Cited by 110 publications

References 47 publications

Potential Sources and Formations of the PM2.5 Pollution in Urban Hangzhou

Potential Sources and Formations of the PM2.5 Pollution in Urban Hangzhou

A Typical Formation Mechanism of Heavy Haze-Fog Induced by Coal Combustion in an Inland City in North-Western China

Spatial Concentration, Impact Factors and Prevention-Control Measures of PM2.5 Pollution in China

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