Probing the speed of scalar-induced gravitational waves with pulsar timing arrays

Chen, Zu-Cheng; Li, Jun; Liu, Lang; Yi, Zhu

doi:10.1103/physrevd.109.l101302

Cited by 12 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 156 publications

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“…7 −0.6 × 10 −15 at a reference frequency of 1 yr −1 [86]. While supermassive black hole binaries are considered as an explanation [93][94][95][96][97][98][99], alternative interpretations include cosmic inflation [94,95], first-order phase transitions [100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107], cosmic strings [108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115], domain walls [116][117][118], or scalar-induced gravitational waves [4,[119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130][131]. For more about the physical explanation of signals in the PTA band, please refer to the references [132][133][134]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pulsar Timing Array Signal from Infrared Regions of Scalar-Induced Gravitational Waves

Fei

2024

Universe

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The common-spectrum process, characterized by the Hellings–Downs angular correlation and observed by pulsar timing array collaborations, such as NANOGrav, PPTA, EPTA, and CPTA, can be explained by the scalar-induced gravitational waves (SIGWs). The energy density of SIGWs exhibits universal behavior in the infrared regions. Utilizing a broken power law parameterization for the primordial curvature power spectrum, we clarify the PTA signal through the infrared characteristics of the SIGWs, using Bayesian analysis to provide posterior distributions. Bayesian factors emphasize the statistical preference for the SIGW model over explanations involving supermassive black hole binaries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pulsar Timing Array Signal from Infrared Regions of Scalar-Induced Gravitational Waves

Fei

2024

Universe

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Constraints on primordial curvature power spectrum with kination era: Insights from NANOGrav 15-year data set

Fei,

Shen

2024

Nuclear Physics B

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Beyond the Hellings–Downs curve: Non-Einsteinian gravitational waves in pulsar timing array correlations

Bernardo,

2024

A&A

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Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) have revealed galaxy-size gravitational waves (GWs) in the form of a stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB), correlating the radio pulses emitted by millisecond pulsars. This discovery naturally leads to the question of the origin and the nature of the SGWB; the latter is synonymous to testing how quadrupolar the inter-pulsar spatial correlation is. In this paper, we investigate the nature of the SGWB by considering correlations beyond the Hellings-Downs (HD) curve of Einstein's general relativity. We scrutinize the HD and non-Einsteinian GW correlations with the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves and the Chinese PTA data, and find that both data sets allow a graviton mass of $m_ g eV /c^2$ and subluminal traveling waves. We discuss gravitational physics scenarios beyond general relativity that could host non-Einsteinian GW correlations in the SGWB and highlight the importance of the cosmic variance inherited from stochastic variations across realizations in interpreting PTA observations.

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Probing the speed of scalar-induced gravitational waves with pulsar timing arrays

Cited by 12 publications

References 156 publications

The Pulsar Timing Array Signal from Infrared Regions of Scalar-Induced Gravitational Waves

The Pulsar Timing Array Signal from Infrared Regions of Scalar-Induced Gravitational Waves

Constraints on primordial curvature power spectrum with kination era: Insights from NANOGrav 15-year data set

Beyond the Hellings–Downs curve: Non-Einsteinian gravitational waves in pulsar timing array correlations

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