Probing the sulfur content in gasoline quantitatively with terahertz time-domain spectroscopy

Qin, Fangli; Li, Qian; Zhan, Honglei; Jin, Wu-Jun; Liu, HongLan; Zhao, Kun

doi:10.1007/s11433-014-5409-1

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…CNNs, as one of the representative algorithms in deep learning, have been involved in remarkable achievements in various fields such as image recognition [38] and spectral recognition [39,40]. CNNs typically consist of convolutional layers, pooling layers, and fully connected layers.…”

Section: Convolutional Neural Network (Cnns)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Identification of Crude Oil via Combined Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy and Machine Learning

Yang,

Ma,

Huang

et al. 2024

Photonics

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The quality of crude oil varies significantly according to its geographical origin. The efficient identification of the source region of crude oil is pivotal for petroleum trade and processing. However, current methods, such as mass spectrometry and fluorescence spectroscopy, suffer problems such as complex sample preparation and a long characterization time, which restrict their efficiency. In this work, by combining terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) and a machine learning analysis of the spectra, an efficient workflow for the accurate and fast identification of crude oil was established. Based on THz-TDS of 83 crude oil samples obtained from six countries, a machine learning protocol involving the dimension reduction of spectra and classification was developed to identify the geological origins of crude oil, with an overall accuracy of 96.33%. This work demonstrates that THz spectra combined with a modern numerical scheme analysis can be readily employed to categorize crude oil products efficiently.

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Section: Convolutional Neural Network (Cnns)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Identification of Crude Oil via Combined Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy and Machine Learning

Yang,

Ma,

Huang

et al. 2024

Photonics

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“…Ethanol being a polar liquid, its addition strongly increases both the refractive index and the absorption coefficient of the mixture compared with those of pure gasoline. Derivatives of benzene (toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) commonly comprise a significant volume fraction of gasoline, and these also have been identified using TDS [156]. Concentrations of methyl methacrylate, an additive used to lower the freezing point of diesel, have been detected down to 0.2% [155].…”

Section: Petrochemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concentrations of methyl methacrylate, an additive used to lower the freezing point of diesel, have been detected down to 0.2% [155]. Likewise, sulphur contamination was detected at low concentrations down to 0.2 ppm [155,156]. As with other additives and contaminants that are not pure hydrocarbons, the presence of sulphur even at low concentrations increases THz absorption.…”

Section: Petrochemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial Applications of Terahertz Sensing: State of Play

Naftaly

Vieweg

Deninger

2019

Sensors

248

106

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“…Previously, terahertz (THz) wave is a kind of wave between millimeter wave and infrared light [6]. It is extremely sensitive to the vibration of organic macromolecules, so it is often used to distinguish the oil content and the type of oil in stones [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. In this work, oil-sandstone with different kinds of crude oils and different oil content were detected using THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz spectroscopy properties of trace crude oil in quartz sand

Meng,

Zhang,

Chen

et al. 2023

TST

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The purpose of this article is to classify the types of crude oils from different regions and oil-quartz sand mixture with different oil content with terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). Multivariate statistical methods, including cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA), are used to build models between THz parameters and crude oils from different regions. The sample absorbance first increases and then decreases with the increase of oil content, revealing that the THz response is caused by the cracks and oil content simultaneously. When the oil content is smaller than the critical concentration, the existence of cracks makes more scattering; meanwhile, the more the oil content is , the larger the THz absorption becomes when the oil content is larger than the critical concentration. Consequently, the combination of THz technology as well as multivariate statistical methods could be an effective method for rapid identification of crude oils content and the geographical locations of crude oils.

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Probing the sulfur content in gasoline quantitatively with terahertz time-domain spectroscopy

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

Efficient Identification of Crude Oil via Combined Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy and Machine Learning

Efficient Identification of Crude Oil via Combined Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy and Machine Learning

Industrial Applications of Terahertz Sensing: State of Play

Terahertz spectroscopy properties of trace crude oil in quartz sand

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