Probing the tricritical endpoint of QCD phase diagram at NICAFAIR energies

Bugaev, K. A.; Ivanytskyi, O.; Sagun, V. V.; Zinovjev, G.; Nikonov, E. G.; Emaus, R.; Bravina, L.; Zabrodin, E.; Taranenko, A.

doi:10.1051/epjconf/201818202021

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

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“…The fits to thermal models [106,[110][111][112][113][114][115] demonstrate that one enters a region where the quark chemical potential at freezeout is significant.…”

Section: Relation To Qcdmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The first is a strong departure from thermal models. In heavy ion collisions, there is a peak in the ratio of K + /π + and Λ/π at energies ∼ 10 GeV [106,[110][111][112][113][114][115]. Deviations from thermal behavior for the ratio of kaons to pions is suggestive of the Lifshitz regime, Eqs.…”

Section: Relation To Qcdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Lifshitz regime is manifestly non-perturbative, as the momentum dependence for the propagators for pions (or the associated modes of a chiral spiral) are dominated by terms quartic, instead of quadratic, in the momenta. This change in the momentum dependence generates large fluctuations, which may be related to known [106,[110][111][112][113][114][115] and possible [116,117] anomalies in the collisions of heavy ions at center of mass energies per nucleon √ s/A : 1 → 20 GeV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluctuations in cool quark matter and the phase diagram of quantum chromodynamics

2019

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We consider the phase diagram of hadronic matter as a function of temperature, T , and baryon chemical potential, µ. Currently the dominant paradigm is a line of first order transitions which ends at a critical endpoint.In this work we suggest that spatially inhomogenous phases are a generic feature of the hadronic phase diagram at nonzero µ and low T . Familiar examples are pion and kaon condensates. At higher densities, we argue that these condensates connect onto chiral spirals in a quarkyonic regime.Both of these phases exhibit the spontaneous breaking of a global U (1) symmetry and quasi-long range order, analogous to smectic liquid crystals. We argue that there is a continuous line of first order transitions which separate spatially inhomogenous from homogenous phases, where the latter can be either a hadronic phase or a quark-gluon plasma.While mean field theory predicts that there is a Lifshitz point along this line of first order transitions, in three spatial dimensions strong infrared fluctuations wash out any Lifshitz point.Using known results from inhomogenous polymers, we suggest that instead there is a Lifshitz regime. Non-perturbative effects are large in this regime, where the momentum dependent terms for the propagators of pions and associated modes are dominated not by terms quadratic in momenta, but quartic. Fluctuations in a Lifshitz regime may be directly relevant to the collisions of heavy ions at (relatively) low energies, √ s/A : 1 → 20 GeV. A quarkyonic phase only exists when quark excitations near the Fermi surface are (effectively) confined. While for three colors numerical simulations of lattice gauge theories at nonzero quark density are afflicted by the sign problem for three colors, they are possible for two colors [118-123]. Although the original argument for a quarkyonic phase was based upon the limit of a large number of colors [102], these simulations show that even for two colors, the expectation value of the Polyakov loop is small, indicating confinment, up to large values of the quark chemical potential [118-123]. Directly relevant to our analysis are the results of Bornyakov et al., who find that the string tension decreases gradually from its value in vacuum, to essentially zero at µ q ∼ 750 MeV: see Fig. 3 of Ref. [123]. This suggests

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“…The fits to thermal models [106,[110][111][112][113][114][115] demonstrate that one enters a region where the quark chemical potential at freezeout is significant.…”

Section: Relation To Qcdmentioning

confidence: 97%