Probiotic Mixture of Lactobacillus plantarum Strains Improves Lipid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota Structure in High Fat Diet-Fed Mice

Abstract

The global prevalence of obesity is rising year by year, which has become a public health problem worldwide. In recent years, animal studies and clinical studies have shown that some lactic acid bacteria possess an anti-obesity effect. In our previous study, mixed lactobacilli (Lactobacillus plantarum KLDS1.0344 and Lactobacillus plantarum KLDS1.0386) exhibited anti-obesity effects in vivo by significantly reducing body weight gain, Lee's index and body fat rate; however, its underlying mechanisms of action remain unclear. Therefore, the present study aims to explore the possible mechanisms for the inhibitory effect of mixed lactobacilli on obesity. C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups including control group (Control), high fat diet group (HFD) and mixed lactobacilli group (MX), and fed daily for eight consecutive weeks. The results showed that mixed lactobacilli supplementation significantly improved blood lipid levels and liver function, and alleviated liver oxidative stress. Moreover, the mixed lactobacilli supplementation significantly inhibited lipid accumulation in the liver and regulated lipid metabolism in epididymal fat pads. Notably, the mixed lactobacilli treatment modulated the gut microbiota, resulting in a significant increase in acetic acid and butyric acid. Additionally, Spearman's correlation analysis found that several specific genera were significantly correlated with obesity-related indicators. These results indicated that the mixed lactobacilli supplementation could manipulate the gut microbiota and its metabolites (acetic acid and butyric acid), resulting in reduced liver lipid accumulation and improved lipid metabolism of adipose tissue, which inhibited obesity.

A potential probiotic- Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group: Evidence from the restoration of the dietary pattern from a high-fat diet

“…The function of Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group is not clear. In HFD mice, Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group is reduced and negatively correlates to triglyceride [39]. Instead, Liu et al have been reported that the abundance of Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group has no effect at high-fat diet-fed mice; however, it elevates after fed with a sulfated polysaccharide from Gracilaria Lemaneiformis [40].…”

“…The role of Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group in diet-associated metabolism is still controversial. In HFD mice, the numbers of Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group were reduced and negatively correlated to triglyceride levels [39]. The elevation of Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group was found in mice fed with Gracilaria Lemaneiformis-derived sulfated polysaccharide and positively correlated to the secretion of bile acids [40].…”

Positive metabolic effects of selected probiotic bacteria on diet‐induced obesity in mice are associated with improvement of dysbiotic gut microbiota

“…Many reports evidenced that adipogenic major transcriptional factors such as PPAR-γ2, C/EBP-α, and SREBP-1 and genes involved in lipogenic pathway including FAS, aP2, and ACC were negatively regulated in adipocytes and obese mouse after treatment with L plantarum and its cell-free metabolites. 36,[72][73][74] Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) secreted by probiotics exert an anti-obesity effect via the modulation of the lipid and glucose metabolism-associated markers, 85,86 resulting in reduced adipocyte size 75,87 ; Notably, SCFAs play a key in reducing fat deposits in adipocytes by accelerating fatty acid oxidation in HFD-fed mice and. 88 RT-PCR and western blot analysis results suggest that CFM and A29 significantly reduced fat deposition in adipocytes and HFDinduced obese mice via downregulating adipocyte-specific markers PPAR-γ, C/EBP-α, C/EBP-β, and SREBP-1.…”

“…32 Thus, probiotics have been emerged as an alternative strategy to combat the many health issues among the lactobacillus, Lactobacillus plantarum has great attention for developing probiotics due to their biological potentials because L plantarum considered as most safe (GRAS) with Qualified Presumption of safety (QPS) status and has a long history for its uses. L plantarum treatment attenuates the various metabolic disorders 33 such as inflammatory bowel diseases, 34 dyslipidemia and or hypercholesterolemia, 35 insulin resistance, 36 and obesity 37 and modulates the gut-associated microbiota positively. 36,38 This evidence might indicate the main advance in obese treatment since changing gut-associated microbiota via diet rich probiotics can be considered an important agent for the treatment of obesity.…”

“…L plantarum treatment attenuates the various metabolic disorders 33 such as inflammatory bowel diseases, 34 dyslipidemia and or hypercholesterolemia, 35 insulin resistance, 36 and obesity 37 and modulates the gut-associated microbiota positively. 36,38 This evidence might indicate the main advance in obese treatment since changing gut-associated microbiota via diet rich probiotics can be considered an important agent for the treatment of obesity. Most researchers reported that lactobacillus sp could be regarded as promising agents for reducing excessive body weight gain and fat deposition in animals and adipocytes.…”